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Substance abuse is found unresponsive by emergency medical services (EMS)

Scenerio :A 27-year-old patient with a history of substance abuse is found unresponsive by emergency medical services (EMS) after being called by the patient’s roommate. The roommate states that he does not know how long the patient had been lying there. The patient received naloxone in the field and has become responsive. He complains of burning pain over his left hip and forearm. Evaluation in the ED revealed a large amount of necrotic tissue over the greater trochanter as well as the forearm. EKG demonstrated prolonged PR interval and peaked T waves. Serum potassium level 6.9 mEq/L.
The role genetics plays in disease.
Substance abuse has a complex etiology which is influenced by many things. Genetic factors can play a large role in an individual’s susceptibility to substance abuse in several ways. Certain genetic variations may increase the risk of developing substance use disorders. These genetic factors can influence the brain’s reward pathways, making some individuals more susceptible to the reinforcing effects of drugs. For example, “Genes that code for cytochrome enzymes in the liver (CYP variants) can influence how quickly an individual metabolizes a drug, which influences how they respond to medications and other substances” (Mosel,2023). Variations in drug metabolism enzymes can influence the intensity and duration of the drug’s effects. Therefore, a person with a genetic predisposition for slower metabolism of a particular substance may experience more prolonged and intense effects, potentially increasing the risk of substance abuse.
Why the patient is presenting with the specific symptoms described.

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Sample Answer

 

 

The patient is presenting with several symptoms that are consistent with substance abuse and its complications. These include:

  • Unresponsiveness: This is a common symptom of overdose, which occurs when a person takes too much of a substance and their body is unable to function normally. In this case, the patient was found unresponsive by EMS, suggesting that he had overdosed on a substance.
  • Burning pain: This is a symptom of tissue damage. In this case, the patient has burning pain over his left hip and forearm, which are likely due to tissue damage caused by prolonged injection of drugs.

Full Answer Section

 

 

  • Prolonged PR interval and peaked T waves on EKG: These are abnormalities on an electrocardiogram (EKG) that can be caused by electrolyte imbalances, such as high potassium levels. In this case, the patient has a high potassium level of 6.9 mEq/L, which is likely contributing to these EKG abnormalities.

The patient’s symptoms are consistent with a diagnosis of substance abuse and its complications. Substance abuse can lead to a number of health problems, including overdose, tissue damage, and electrolyte imbalances. The patient’s history of substance abuse and his current symptoms suggest that he is at risk for these complications.

It is important to note that substance abuse is a complex condition with many contributing factors. Genetics, environment, and personal choices all play a role in a person’s risk of developing substance abuse. While the patient’s genetic predisposition may have made him more susceptible to substance abuse, it is important to remember that his choices also played a role in his current situation.

If you are concerned about your own or someone else’s substance abuse, there are resources available to help. Please seek professional help if you are struggling with substance abuse.

 

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