It was Isaac Newton who said, “If I have seen further it is by standing on the shoulders of giants.” We have many of our modern medical advancements because of small discoveries and new learnings accumulated over hundreds of years. In this assignment, you will be looking at the history of vaccines. Vaccines provide long-term immunity against many infectious diseases. The rate of death from infectious disease in children less than 5 has fallen from 30.4% of all deaths in 1900 to only 1.4% in 1997 thanks to vaccination and medical advancements.