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Following the guidelines of the United States Preventive Service Taskforce (USPSTF), discuss and describe the screening recommendations for the following:
• Cervical cancer
• Breast cancer
• Osteoporosis
• Colorectal cancer
• Lung cancer
• Ovarian cancer
• Intimate partner violence (IPV).
The United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) provides evidence-based recommendations for clinical preventive services, including screening for various cancers, conditions, and forms of violence.
| Population | Recommendation | Screening Test | Interval |
|---|---|---|---|
| Women Age 21–29 | Screen | Cytology (Pap test) alone | Every 3 years |
| Women Age 30–65 | Screen | hrHPV testing alone OR Co-testing (hrHPV + Pap test) OR Cytology (Pap test) alone | Every 5 years (for hrHPV or Co-testing) OR Every 3 years (for Cytology) |
| Ages < 21 | Against screening | N/A | N/A |
| Ages > 65 | Against routine screening (if adequate prior screening and no high risk) | N/A | N/A |
The United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) provides evidence-based recommendations for clinical preventive services, including screening for various cancers, conditions, and forms of violence.
| Population | Recommendation | Screening Test | Interval |
|---|---|---|---|
| Women Age 21–29 | Screen | Cytology (Pap test) alone | Every 3 years |
| Women Age 30–65 | Screen | hrHPV testing alone OR Co-testing (hrHPV + Pap test) OR Cytology (Pap test) alone | Every 5 years (for hrHPV or Co-testing) OR Every 3 years (for Cytology) |
| Ages < 21 | Against screening | N/A | N/A |
| Ages > 65 | Against routine screening (if adequate prior screening and no high risk) | N/A | N/A |
| Population | Recommendation | Screening Test | Interval |
|---|---|---|---|
| Women Age 40–74 | Screen | Biennial mammography (every 2 years) | Every 2 years |
| Women Age 75+ | Insufficient Evidence (I Statement) | N/A | N/A |
Note: This recommendation applies to cisgender women and other people assigned female at birth who are at average risk. The USPSTF explicitly calls for more research on supplemental screening (like MRI or ultrasound) for women with dense breasts.
| Population | Recommendation | Screening Test |
|---|---|---|
| Women Age 65+ | Screen for osteoporosis to prevent fractures. | Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) bone mineral density (BMD) |
| Postmenopausal Women < 65 | Screen if they have an increased risk for osteoporotic fractures. | DXA BMD, often preceded by a clinical risk assessment tool. |
| Men | Insufficient Evidence (I Statement) to assess benefits/harms of routine screening. | N/A |
| Population | Recommendation | Screening Test Options | Interval |
|---|---|---|---|
| Adults Age 45–49 | Screen (Grade B) | Multiple options: Colonoscopy every 10 years, FIT every 1 year, FIT-DNA every 1–3 years, CT colonography every 5 years, etc. | Varies by test |
| Adults Age 50–75 | Screen (Grade A) | Same options as above. | Varies by test |
| Adults Age 76–85 | Selectively screen (individual decision based on health, prior screening, and preferences). | N/A | N/A |
Note: Screening applies to adults at average risk. The USPSTF recommends multiple stool-based and direct visualization tests, emphasizing that the chosen method should be a shared decision between patient and clinician.
| Population | Recommendation | Screening Test | Interval |
|---|---|---|---|
| Adults Age 50–80 | Screen annually | Low-Dose Computed Tomography (LDCT) | Every year |
Eligibility Criteria: The adult must meet all three criteria to be eligible for annual screening:
Age 50 to 80 years.
Have a 20 pack-year or greater smoking history.
Currently smoke or have quit within the past 15 years.1
Screening should be discontinued once a person has not smoked for 15 years or develops a health problem that substantially limits life expectancy or the ability2 to have curative lung surgery.
| Population | Recommendation | Screening Test |
|---|---|---|
| Asymptomatic Women | Against screening. | N/A |
The USPSTF recommends against routine screening for ovarian cancer in asymptomatic women who are not at high risk. They found no evidence that screening with transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) or the CA-125 blood test reduces mortality from ovarian cancer.
| Population | Recommendation | Screening Test |
|---|---|---|
| Women of Reproductive Age (including those who are pregnant and postpartum) | Screen for intimate partner violence (IPV). | Brief questionnaires or interview. |
| Older or Vulnerable Adults (for caregiver abuse/neglect) | Insufficient Evidence (I Statement). | N/A |
Action following a positive screen: Clinicians should provide or refer women who screen positive for IPV to support services.
Rationale: The benefits of screening and linking women to resources are considered to outweigh the harms in the reproductive age group.