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Research Questions

This study aims to investigate the following questions:

1. What is the prevalence and risk factors for iron deficiency anemia in adolescent athletes compared to non-athletes?
2. How effective are current screening methods for identifying IDA in adolescent athletes?
3. What is the most effective dietary and/or supplementation approach for preventing and treating IDA in adolescent athletes?

Literature Review

Several studies have documented the high prevalence of IDA in adolescent athletes, ranging from 10% to 50% depending on the sport and gender [1, 2]. Factors such as menstrual irregularities in females, inadequate dietary iron intake, and increased iron losses through sweat and gastrointestinal bleeding contribute to this risk [3, 4]. Current screening methods for IDA typically involve measuring hemoglobin and ferritin levels. However, the sensitivity and specificity of these tests in athletes may be limited due to physiological adaptations to training [5].

There is ongoing debate regarding the optimal approach to managing IDA in athletes. Dietary interventions promoting iron-rich foods and improved iron absorption are a cornerstone of treatment [6]. However, iron supplementation may also be necessary, with concerns regarding potential side effects and appropriate dosing strategies requiring further investigation [7].

Methods

This study will employ a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative and qualitative data collection methods.

• Phase 1: Cross-sectional survey: A self-administered questionnaire will be distributed to a sample of adolescent athletes (14-18 years old) and non-athletes to assess demographics, dietary habits, training history, and iron deficiency symptoms. Hemoglobin and ferritin levels will be measured to determine the prevalence of IDA in both groups.
• Phase 2: Focus groups: Semi-structured interviews will be conducted with separate groups of adolescent athletes (male and female) to explore their experiences with iron deficiency, current screening practices, and dietary challenges.

Ethical Concerns

This study will adhere to ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent will be obtained from all participants and their parents/guardians. Confidentiality and anonymity of data will be maintained.

Justification for using an interdisciplinary approach

The multifaceted nature of IDA in athletes necessitates an interdisciplinary approach. This study combines medical and nutritional science perspectives to gain a comprehensive understanding of the problem. The quantitative data from the survey will provide a population-level picture of prevalence and risk factors. The qualitative data from focus groups will offer valuable insights into athletes' experiences and perspectives, informing the development of more effective screening and management strategies.

Conclusion

Iron deficiency anemia is a significant health concern for adolescent athletes. This study will contribute valuable knowledge by investigating the prevalence, risk factors, screening methods, and optimal management strategies for IDA in this population. The interdisciplinary approach will shed light on the complex interplay between physiological demands, dietary habits, and current practices to develop more effective interventions for promoting optimal health and performance in adolescent athletes.

Sample Answer

Iron Deficiency Anemia in Adolescent Athletes: A Multifaceted Approach

Introduction

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a prevalent nutritional deficiency, particularly among adolescent athletes. Athletes experience increased iron demands due to growth, exercise-induced hemolysis (breakdown of red blood cells), and potential blood loss from injuries. IDA can significantly impair athletic performance and overall health. Despite its prevalence, the optimal screening and management strategies for IDA in adolescent athletes remain unclear.