Health promotion encompasses three key elements to empower individuals to take control of their own health: good governance of health, health literacy, and healthy cities (WHO, 2016). In striving towards this it is vital to employ theory at every step of the program planning process. A theory, according to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2005), is a “set of concepts, definitions, and propositions that explain or predict … events or situations by illustrating the relationships between variables”. In connection with health promotion, social and behavioral sciences had a major impact in shaping existing theories. During the program planning process, theory is the initial stage that provides tools to aid in understanding health behaviors, designing interventions, and how and what to evaluate those interventions. The USDHHS goes on to illustrate two planning models, social marketing and PRECEDE – PROCEED, that call for initiating the planning process by evaluating the needs of the target audience on a health issue from multi-level perspective prior to designing and taking action. Because every situation is unique and there isn’t a “one-size-fits-all” theory, consistently utilizing theory in program planning process results in the need for and use of a variety of theories to carry out and adapt interventions in order to achieve success with the desired outcomes.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2005). Theory at a Glance: A Guide For Health Promotion Practice. National Institutes of Health.
WHO. (2016, august 20). What is health promotion? Retrieved from World Health Organization: https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/what-is-health-promotion
CC: “My stomach hurts, I have diarrhea and nothing seems to help.”
HPI: JR, 47 yo WM, complains of having generalized abdominal pain that started
3 days ago. He has not taken any medications because he did not know what to take. He states the pain is a 5/10 today but has been as much as 9/10 when it first started. He has been able to eat, with some nausea afterwards.
PMH: HTN, Diabetes, hx of GI bleed 4 years ago
Medications: Lisinopril 10mg, Amlodipine 5 mg, Metformin 1000mg, Lantus 10
units qhs
Allergies: NKDA
FH: No hx of colon cancer, Father hx DMT2, HTN, Mother hx HTN,
Hyperlipidemia, GERD
Social: Denies tobacco use; occasional etoh, married, 3 children (1 girl, 2 boys)
Objective:
VS: Temp 99.8; BP 160/86; RR 16; P 92; HT 5’10”; WT 248lbs
Heart: RRR, no murmurs
Lungs: CTA, chest wall symmetrical
Skin: Intact without lesions, no urticaria
Abd: soft, hyperactive bowel sounds, pos pain in the LLQ
Diagnostics: None
• Left lower quadrant pain • Gastroenteritis
Analyze the subjective portion of the note. List additional information that should be included in the documentation.
Analyze the objective portion of the note. List additional information that should be included in the documentation.
Is the assessment supported by the subjective and objective information? Why or why not?
What diagnostic tests would be appropriate for this case, and how would the results be used to make a diagnosis?
Would you reject/accept the current diagnosis? Why or why not? Identify three possible conditions that may be considered as a differential diagnosis for this patient. Explain your reasoning using at least three different references from current evidence-based literature.
Please write this up as a narrative.