1.Discuss the spectrum of trauma-related diagnoses with respect to specific symptoms that overlap. Pick one trauma-related DSM diagnosis and identify what might be some, and differential diagnoses.
2.Identify goals of treatment for trauma.
3.What happens physiologically during dissociation, and what would you observe in the patient who dissociated during a session?
4.Fill out the DES, which is included in Chapter 3 on yourself and score it. Keep track with a log of all the times you notice yourself dissociating over the course of the next week.
5.How would you know whether a person was stabilized and ready to go on to processing?
6.Discuss why a person who has been traumatized as a child most likely has pervasive feelings of guilt.
7.Develop a comprehensive plan of all the potential issues and strategies that you need to teach a patient who has flashbacks.
Full Answer Section
- Complex PTSD:Similar to PTSD, but includes emotional dysregulation, negative self-perception, and difficulty in relationships (often caused by repeated trauma).
Overlapping Symptoms:
- Anxiety
- Depression
- Sleep problems
- Difficulty concentrating
- Irritability
- Anger
- Guilt
- Shame
- Physical health problems
Differential Diagnoses:
- Major depressive disorder
- Generalized anxiety disorder
- Bipolar disorder
- Schizophrenia (for dissociative disorders)
- Goals of Treatment for Trauma:
- Reduce trauma symptoms (anxiety, flashbacks, nightmares)
- Improve emotional regulation
- Develop coping skills
- Increase safety and self-esteem
- Improve relationships
- Process the traumatic experience
- Dissociation Physiology and Observation:
Physiology:
- Decreased activity in the prefrontal cortex (involved in planning and self-awareness)
- Increased activity in the amygdala (involved in fear processing)
Observation:
- Staring blankly
- Appearing spaced out
- Difficulty concentrating
- Answering questions slowly or with delayed responses
- Emotional detachment
- Loss of time
- DES and Dissociation Tracking ( not possible for me):
The DES (Dissociative Experiences Scale) is a self-assessment tool. Completing it and tracking dissociation episodes requires human participation.
- Signs of Stabilization for Trauma Therapy:
- Reduced trauma symptoms
- Improved ability to manage emotions
- Increased sense of safety and security
- Development of coping skills
- Improved relationships
- Pervasive Guilt in Childhood Trauma:
- Children often blame themselves for events beyond their control.
- Trauma can lead to a negative self-image and feelings of worthlessness.
- Therapist can help the client understand the trauma was not their fault.
- Flashback Management Plan:
- Grounding techniques:Focus on senses (sight, touch, sound) to stay present.
- Safe space visualization:Imagine a safe and calming place.
- Relaxation techniques:Deep breathing, progressive muscle relaxation.
- Seeking support:Talk to a therapist or trusted person.
Additional Resources:
Remember, this information is for educational purposes only. If you are struggling with trauma, please seek help from a qualified mental health professional.