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1966: Further amendments:

• Abolished the Senate
• Created a unicameral National Assembly

1969: A new constitution replaced the 1963 document. However, it was amended numerous times in the following decades, gradually concentrating power in the presidency and weakening checks and balances.

1982: An amendment formalized a one-party state under the Kenya African National Union (KANU).

1991: The one-party state was abolished, but the amendments that strengthened the presidency remained.

Demands for Change: By the early 2000s, calls for a new constitution grew stronger. Kenyans desired a document that:

• Protected fundamental rights
• Limited presidential power
• Promoted democratic principles

2010 Constitution: A New Era

In 2010, a new constitution was enacted after a national referendum. This document marked a significant shift towards a more democratic and accountable government. Here are some key features of the 2010 Constitution:

• Bill of Rights:A comprehensive list of fundamental rights and freedoms guaranteed to all Kenyans.
• Devolved System of Government:Power is shared between the national government and 47 county governments, promoting decentralization and citizen participation.
• Separation of Powers:Clear division of power among the executive, legislature, and judiciary, with checks and balances to prevent abuse of power.
• Strengthened Independent Institutions:Establishment of independent commissions to oversee areas like elections, human rights, and corruption.
• Land Reforms:Measures to address historical injustices related to land ownership and promote equitable access to land.

The 2010 Constitution is considered a landmark achievement for Kenya. It established a framework for a more just, equitable, and democratic society.