The theoretical framework is a critical element of your work. A theoretical framework is the general representation of relationships in your problem and is based on existing theory. The conceptual framework is your idea on how the problem should be explored, and it is generally based on a theory. The difference between the two is the scope. Theory is broad; concept is narrow.
In most research studies, your framework can be either theoretical or conceptual in nature. For the purposes of this project, you will most likely follow a conceptual framework, which is your idea on how the research problem will be explored (although you could have both).
For example:
Theoretical framework: Stimulus is applied to elicit a response
Conceptual framework: A new teaching method is applied to elicit improvement in midterm test scores.
In this section of your change project paper, state the perspective through which the problem and/or phenomenon may be explored, and include the following:
Select a minimum of two theories.
Identify the process and logic in selecting these theoretical frameworks or conceptual frameworks for your study.
Discuss how each theory or model applies to the individual project.
Full Answer Section
- Apply theories to the project: Demonstrate how the chosen theories relate to your specific problem or change project.
Example: Improving Employee Morale
Problem: Low employee morale in a tech company.
Conceptual Framework:
Theories:
- Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory: This theory suggests that job satisfaction and dissatisfaction are influenced by different factors. Motivators (e.g., achievement, recognition) contribute to satisfaction, while hygiene factors (e.g., salary, working conditions) prevent dissatisfaction.
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs: This theory proposes that humans have a hierarchy of needs, from basic physiological needs to self-actualization. Meeting lower-level needs is essential before higher-level needs can be addressed.
Process and Logic:
Herzberg's theory provides a framework for understanding factors that influence job satisfaction and dissatisfaction. By identifying these factors, we can target interventions to improve morale. Maslow's theory helps to understand the underlying needs of employees, which can inform strategies to create a more fulfilling work environment.
Application to the Project:
Herzberg's theory can be applied to identify specific factors contributing to low morale, such as lack of recognition or opportunities for growth. By addressing these motivators, we can increase job satisfaction. Maslow's theory can help ensure that employees' basic needs (e.g., fair compensation, safe working conditions) are met before focusing on higher-level needs like autonomy and self-actualization.
Additional Considerations:
- Theoretical Lens: Consider the theoretical lens through which you are viewing the problem. For example, a critical perspective might focus on power dynamics within the organization.
- Conceptual Model: Visualizing the relationships between variables can help clarify the conceptual framework.
- Limitations: Acknowledge the limitations of the chosen theories and how they might affect the research.
By carefully selecting and applying relevant theories, you can develop a stro