The Myth of the Noble Savage

Read Frederick E. Hoxie's review of https://muse.jhu.edu/article/41718 Ter Ellingston's book, The Myth of the Noble Savage,Links to an external site. published in 2001 by the University of California Press. The review was published in the Journal of Colonialism and Colonial History in 2003.

The stereotype of the American Indian as a “noble savage" became popular among Americans and Western Europeans during the 18th century. Anglo-Americans used the term “noble savage” to characterize American Indians as wise, spiritual, and connected to nature, while simultaneously disparaging them as uncivilized, primitive, and inferior. Visual depictions of American Indians as noble savages date back to early European contact with indigenous Americans. Examples of the stereotype can be found in James Fenimore Cooper’s novel, The Last of the Mohicans (1826), the paintings of American artist George Catlin (1796–1872), and the films Dances with Wolves (1990), The Last of the Mohicans (1992), and Disney’s Pocahontas (1995).
Keep America Beautiful Link- https://kab.org/site/PageServer?pagename=index , a non-profit organization formed in 1953 by American environmentalists whose mission was to prevent pollution and to encourage the wise use of America's natural resources, played on the "noble savage" stereotype in the "Pollution Hurts All of Us" campaign, launched in 1971. Keep America Beautiful created a PSA (public service announcement) that featured an actor who looked like a traditional American Indian. The PSA, which ubiquitously aired on television for several years, became known as the "crying Indian ad." https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j7OHG7tHrNM
Your answer should be well written and a minimum of 250 words. Thanks! Be specific in your posts; don’t generalize. Cite examples to support your analysis; explain your assertions; and support your opinions with evidence. Fully answer each discussion question.
Questions: View some of the Keep America Beautiful campaign materials below – be sure to watch the video – and then answer the following questions. How did stereotyping American Indians as “noble savages” benefit Anglo-Americans throughout history, especially during the establishment and expansion of the American West? What message does the slogan, "Get Involved Now. Pollution Hurts All Of Us," send to American Indians? How do the Keep America Beautiful campaign materials both patronize and romanticize American Indians?

Pick a current event that has national or international significance and that deal with issues of substance. (this year) You must include on the source of their current event. The first part of each summary will be a synopsis of the current event, and the second part will be the student’s thoughts/opinions regarding the current event. The essays will be a minimum of 100 – 150 words for the entire assignment. (please if you pick anything political or controversial on the opinion thought part try to keep neutral) Use the template provided

Full Answer Section

            This dualistic stereotype served to both sentimentalize and subjugate, facilitating the establishment of American hegemony. The slogan, "Get Involved Now. Pollution Hurts All Of Us," while seemingly inclusive, sends a complex and potentially problematic message to American Indians within the context of the "crying Indian ad." On the surface, it suggests a shared responsibility and universal impact of pollution, implying that environmental degradation affects everyone equally. However, when delivered by the "crying Indian" figure, the message subtly shifts the burden of responsibility for environmental stewardship onto American Indians, or at least implies a shared culpability. This is problematic because historically, indigenous communities have often been the victims, not the perpetrators, of large-scale industrial pollution and resource exploitation by Anglo-American industries. The slogan, therefore, can be interpreted as an appeal to the "noble savage" archetype's supposed inherent connection to nature, implying that if even they are hurting, then everyone must act. It deflects from the systemic, industrial causes of pollution and places emphasis on individual littering, which, while a problem, pales in comparison to corporate environmental damage. The Keep America Beautiful campaign materials, particularly the "crying Indian ad" [00:12], both patronize and romanticize American Indians. They romanticize by depicting the actor as a stoic, traditional figure deeply connected to a pristine natural environment, embodying the "wise, spiritual, and connected to nature" aspect of the noble savage. The imagery of him canoeing through untouched wilderness before encountering pollution evokes a nostalgic, idealized past where indigenous peoples were the sole guardians of the land. This romanticization, however, is patronizing because it reduces a diverse group of peoples with complex cultures and histories to a simplistic, symbolic representation. The "crying Indian" is not a specific individual with agency or a voice; he is a silent, suffering archetype, whose tears are meant to evoke guilt in the Anglo-American viewer. The ad does not engage with actual Native American environmental activism or perspectives; instead, it uses a stereotypical image to deliver a message crafted by a non-Native organization. It positions the American Indian as a passive victim whose pain is leveraged for a broader environmental campaign, rather than as an active participant or leader in environmental solutions. This approach strips indigenous peoples of their contemporary realities, their diverse identities, and their active roles in environmental justice movements, reducing them to a convenient, emotionally resonant symbol for a non-Native cause.
Module Current Event 1 Synopsis: In May 2025, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced a new global initiative aimed at accelerating the eradication of polio, focusing on regions where the virus remains endemic, primarily in parts of Africa and Asia. This initiative involves intensified vaccination campaigns, enhanced surveillance systems, and community engagement strategies to reach every child. The announcement highlighted significant progress over the past decades but acknowledged the persistent challenges posed by vaccine hesitancy, conflict, and difficult-to-reach populations. The WHO emphasized the need for sustained international funding and political commitment to achieve the final push towards a polio-free world. Source: World Health Organization (WHO) Official Press Release, May 2025. Thoughts/Opinions: This renewed global push for polio eradication is a testament to the power of sustained public health efforts. It's inspiring to see international bodies like the WHO maintaining focus on diseases that, while largely controlled in many parts of the world, still pose a significant threat in others. The emphasis on community engagement and addressing vaccine hesitancy is crucial, as these are often the most formidable barriers in the final stages of eradication campaigns. While the goal is ambitious, the historical success in nearly eliminating polio demonstrates that with collective will and resources, such global health challenges can be overcome. It underscores the interconnectedness of global health and the moral imperative to protect the most vulnerable populations. Module Current Event 2 Synopsis: Recent reports from June 2025 indicate a significant increase in extreme weather events across various continents, including prolonged heatwaves in Europe, severe flooding in Southeast Asia, and intensified drought conditions in parts of Africa. Scientists attribute these events to ongoing climate change, emphasizing the growing frequency and intensity of such occurrences. The reports detail the devastating impact on agriculture, infrastructure, and human lives, leading to displacement and increased humanitarian needs. International bodies and national governments are increasingly discussing adaptation strategies and the urgent need to accelerate decarbonization efforts. Source: United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Climate Report Update, June 2025. Thoughts/Opinions: The escalating frequency of extreme weather events is a stark reminder of the accelerating climate crisis. It highlights the urgent need for both mitigation (reducing emissions) and adaptation strategies, particularly in vulnerable regions that bear the brunt of these impacts despite contributing least to the problem. From a human services perspective, these events place immense pressure on aid organizations and local communities, exacerbating existing vulnerabilities and creating new humanitarian crises. It's clear that addressing climate change is not just an environmental issue but a fundamental human rights and development challenge. The reports underscore the interconnectedness of global systems and the shared responsibility to act decisively for a sustainable future.

Sample Answer

         
The stereotype of the American Indian as a “noble savage” served multiple strategic benefits for Anglo-Americans throughout history, particularly during the establishment and expansion of the American West. By simultaneously portraying American Indians as wise, spiritual, and connected to nature, yet also as uncivilized, primitive, and inferior, Anglo-Americans could justify their westward expansion and the displacement of indigenous populations. The "wise and spiritual" aspect romanticized their existence, making their eventual "disappearance" or assimilation seem like a natural, almost tragic, progression rather than a violent conquest. This narrative allowed Anglo-Americans to view themselves as bringing "civilization" and progress to a wild frontier, while subtly absolving themselves of the moral implications of land seizure and cultural destruction. The "primitive and inferior" aspect, on the other hand, dehumanized American Indians, making it easier to rationalize policies of forced removal, assimilation, and violence. It created a narrative where indigenous peoples were incapable of self-governance or developing the land to its "full potential," thus legitimizing Anglo-American dominance and resource