Full Answer Section

• Social welfare: The constitution authorized the state to provide assistance to the needy and aged, reflecting the Progressive belief in government’s responsibility to ensure social welfare and address inequalities.

Ballot Initiatives:

• Direct democracy: Inspired by Progressive calls for increased citizen participation, Arizona’s constitution empowered voters to propose and enact laws through ballot initiatives. This mechanism allows citizens to bypass the traditional legislative process and directly influence policy, a cornerstone of Progressive ideology.
• Public ownership: Initiatives have been used to tackle a range of issues, including the creation of Arizona Public Service, a state-owned electric utility, showcasing the Progressive push for public ownership and regulation of essential services.

Recall of Judges:

• Judicial Accountability: Arizona’s constitution allows voters to recall judges, a radical idea at the time but embraced by Progressives who sought to curb perceived judicial corruption and increase judicial accountability to the public. This reflected the Progressive distrust of established power structures and their desire for greater democratic control.

Examples and Evidence:

• The Arizona Centennial website’s article “Arizona’s Progressive Constitution” highlights the influence of Progressive delegates on the constitution’s creation.
• David Berman’s article “Douglas Delegates to the 1910 Constitutional Convention” explores the specific contributions of Progressive delegates from Douglas in shaping the document’s provisions.
• The text of the Arizona Constitution itself, particularly Article XV on suffrage and Article VI on the initiative, referendum, and recall, serve as clear evidence of the Progressive imprint.

Defense of the Position:

While alternative perspectives on the Progressive influence exist, the evidence overwhelmingly demonstrates their significant impact. The specific provisions mentioned above, along with broader themes of expanding rights, direct democracy, and social welfare, reflect the core values of the Progressive movement. These elements remain central to Arizona’s political landscape today, showcasing the lasting legacy of the Progressives on the state’s constitutional framework.

It’s important to note:

• The implementation of Progressive ideals hasn’t been without challenges or unintended consequences.
• Other factors, such as Arizona’s unique political and economic context, also played a role in shaping the constitution.

However, the undeniable influence of the Progressive movement on Arizona’s Constitution and its enduring impact on the state’s governance cannot be understated. It has fostered a more egalitarian society, empowered citizens, and provided a blueprint for addressing the needs of its diverse population.