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The impact of legislative and judicial actions at the federal, state

Scenario: You are a writer for a website that evaluates the impact of legislative and judicial actions at the federal, state, and local levels. Your manager has asked you to create a matrix that allows readers to easily compare roles and responsibilities of different branches within federal and state governments.

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Sample Answer

 

 

 

This table compares the roles and responsibilities of the three branches of government at the federal and state levels:

Branch Federal Government State Government
Legislative Makes laws (Congress: House of Representatives & Senate) Makes laws (State Legislature: Assembly & Senate)
Responsibilities * Proposes, debates, and enacts laws * Approves federal budget * Confirms presidential appointments (Senate) * Declares war (Congress) * Has oversight power over executive branch * Proposes, debates, and enacts state laws * Approves state budget * Confirms gubernatorial appointments (Senate) * Has oversight power over executive branch
Executive Carries out laws (President, Vice President, Cabinet Departments & Agencies) Carries out laws (Governor, Lieutenant Governor, State Departments & Agencies)
Responsibilities * Enforces laws * Vetoes legislation (President) * Issues executive orders * Commands armed forces (Commander-in-Chief) * Conducts foreign policy * Appoints federal officials * Enforces laws * Vetoes legislation (Governor) * Issues executive orders * Commands state National Guard * Manages state agencies * Appoints state officials
Judicial Interprets laws (Supreme Court & lower federal courts) Interprets laws (State Supreme Court & lower state courts)
Responsibilities * Reviews constitutionality of laws * Settles legal disputes between states or the federal government and individuals * Provides final interpretation of federal law * Reviews constitutionality of state laws * Settles legal disputes within the state * Provides final interpretation of state law

Full Answer Section

 

 

 

Additional Points:

  • Federal Supremacy: Federal laws are the “supreme Law of the Land” and supersede conflicting state laws.
  • Checks and Balances: Each branch has powers to limit the power of the other two branches, creating a system of checks and balances to prevent any one branch from becoming too powerful.
  • Similarities: There is a strong resemblance in the structure of federal and state governments, with each having the same three branches with similar responsibilities.
  • Differences: The federal government has a broader scope of power, dealing with national defense, foreign policy, and interstate commerce. State governments focus on issues within their borders, such as education, infrastructure, and public safety.

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