Question 1 ) A good way of understanding ICAO's definition of 'hazard' is to compare it against those meanings of 'hazard' in typical English. Below are several definitions of 'hazard' provided by the Oxford American College Dictionary. Which definition best matches the meaning of hazard in ICAO's Annex 19? (Choose only the one definition which you believe is the best match; provide a reasoned and short argument for your choice).
Hazard
1: A danger or risk (e.g., ‘the hazards of childbirth’)
1.1: A potential source of danger (e.g. ‘a safety hazard’)
1.2: A permanent feature of a golf course which presents an obstruction to playing a shot, such as a bunker or stream.
2: Chance; probability (e.g., ‘we can form no calculation concerning the laws of hazard’)
3: A gambling game using two dice, in which the chances are complicated by arbitrary rules.
4: (in real tennis) Each of the winning openings in the court.
5: (in billiards) A stroke with which a ball is pocketed.
5.1: (losing hazard) The pocketing of the cue ball off another ball.
5.2: (winning hazard) The pocketing of the object ball.
Question 2)
According to ICAO's definitions, 'safety data' and 'safety information' seem quite similar in meaning, except that safety data is rather straightforward and objective (e.g., collected from a safety performance indicator), while safety information can include personal values and subjective interpretations (e.g., as expressed in safety performance targets). Do you agree with above statement? (Provide a reasoned short answer.)
Question 3)
List the main Critical Elements of a State Safety Oversight System. Then point out which, if any, is the most important? (Provide a reasoned short answer.)
Question 4)
According to Annex 19, a Safety Management System (SMS) is for organizations to manage aviation safety, and each SMS shall be made acceptable to the State responsible for approving the organization. Do you agree with above statement? (Provide a reasoned short answer.)
Question 5)
Annex 19 contains the International Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPs) to follow when managing safety. In comparison to others, Chapter 5 is, relatively speaking, the least important of all chapters (indeed, Chapter 3 is directly targeting States, while Chapter 4 is directly targeting organizations). Do you agree with above statement? (Provide a reasoned short answer.)