The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

Select 1 prompt below and respond in a minimum of 175 words:

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5), lists the diagnostic criteria and symptomology for mental disorders. Many of the symptoms that are listed could be experienced by most people, so it is important to understand what differentiates a symptom from being a common occurrence versus a symptom of a psychological disorder. Choose a disorder presented this week and outline a few of the diagnostic symptoms and criteria associated with that disorder. What makes these feelings or behaviors a symptom of a psychological disorder instead of a commonly experienced feeling or behavior?
Psychological disorders were previously thought to be untreatable. Society chose to confine individuals who presented with abnormal behaviors to asylums, where they would not interfere with other members of society. This changed in the 1800s when a new movement sparked the release of these individuals from asylums and treatment methods began to be investigated. Chapter 11 mentions a few approaches to treatment of psychological disorders. Which therapy stands out most to you? Why? What are some of the main treatment strategies/interventions that go along with this therapy?

Full Answer Section

      The Deinstitutionalization Movement One of the most significant developments in the treatment of mental illness was the deinstitutionalization movement. This movement challenged the practice of confining individuals with mental illness in large, overcrowded institutions. Advocates argued for the closure of asylums and the integration of individuals with mental illness into the community. Deinstitutionalization aimed to provide individuals with more personalized care and opportunities for rehabilitation. A Therapy that Stands Out: Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) Among the various therapeutic approaches discussed in Chapter 11, Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) stands out as a particularly effective and widely used treatment for psychological disorders. CBT is based on the premise that our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are interconnected. By identifying and challenging negative thought patterns, CBT helps individuals develop healthier coping mechanisms and behaviors. Main Treatment Strategies/Interventions in CBT:
  • Cognitive restructuring: Identifying and challenging negative or distorted thoughts and replacing them with more positive and realistic ones.
  • Exposure therapy: Gradually exposing individuals to feared situations or objects in a controlled environment to help them overcome anxiety or phobias.
  • Behavioral activation: Encouraging individuals to engage in activities that promote positive emotions and well-being.
  • Problem-solving skills training: Teaching individuals effective problem-solving strategies to cope with challenges.
  • Relaxation techniques: Using techniques such as deep breathing, meditation, or progressive muscle relaxation to manage stress and anxiety.
CBT is a highly effective therapy that has been shown to be effective for a wide range of mental health conditions, including depression, anxiety disorders, and substance abuse. Its focus on practical strategies and skills development makes it particularly appealing to many individuals seeking help for psychological problems.  

Sample Answer

     

The historical treatment of mental illness has undergone a significant transformation. In the past, individuals exhibiting abnormal behaviors were often isolated and confined in asylums, where they faced inhumane conditions and limited access to care. However, the 19th century marked a turning point with the emergence of a movement advocating for more humane treatment of individuals with mental illness.