Supreme Court rulings and congressional legislation

How have Supreme Court rulings and congressional legislation attempted to end racial discrimination in the United States?
How has public opinion and an evolving, deeply divided Supreme Court affected the public debate about justifications for the continuation of affirmative action in American society? Do you agree or disagree with any of the legal justifications for the continuation of affirmative action in American society?
Do you believe the government information gathering and surveillance methods authorized in the USA Patriot Act constitute an unconstitutional violation of Americans’ Fourth Amendment rights to be protected from unreasonable searches and seizures? Alternativey, do these information and gathering and survillance provisions of the USA Patriot Act represent necessary, constitutionally legitimate federal police powers to investigate and prosecute terrorists?
To what do you attribute the remarkably rapid shift in the views of a majority of the Supreme Court toward civil rights for LGBTQ+ people from as late as the mid-1980s to the first two decades of the twenty-first century?
In 2020, the Supreme Court ruled in the case of Espinoza v. Montana Department of Revenue that state educational programs that provide financial aid for students to attend private schools may not exclude religious schools. Do you believe this decision significantly modified the Supreme Court’s well-established interpretation of the First Amendment language prohibiting Congress from making a law “respecting” an “establishment” of religion as the Constitution erecting a “wall of separation” between church and state?