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Suffered brain injury with resultant changes in behavior

suffered brain injury with resultant changes in behavior to determine how different areas of the brain were
affected. Reread the case of Phineas Gage and the descriptions of the four lobes. Compare the description of
Gage’s behavior and how his behavior would have changed if his other 3 lobes were damaged, separately,
excluding the frontal lobe.
In a minimum of two paragraphs, with no less than five sentences in each paragraph, describe where each lobe is
located and their function. Then describe how Gage’s behavior could have changed with the damage of each of
the lobes. Use APA format and in-text citations to explain your answer. You can use no more than two sources to
support your answer. Use your voice to demonstrate that you understand the concepts.

  1. Every behavior begins with biology. Think of a stressful event and how your body responded. In a minimum
    of two paragraphs, with no less than five sentences in each paragraph, describe a fight or flight situation that
    happened in your life and the role of your autonomic nervous system, before and after the event. Explain why
    our bodies have two responses to stressful events. F

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Sample Answer

 

The tragic case of Phineas Gage, who survived a horrific brain injury, offers a unique window into understanding the functionality of different brain regions. We’ll analyze how his behavior might have changed if other specific lobes were damaged, excluding the frontal lobe based on your prompt.

1. Exploring the Lobes and their Impact:

• Occipital Lobe (Back of the brain): Responsible for processing visual information. Damage here would have caused Gage to experience visual impairments, like blindness in the affected field of vision, or difficulty recognizing objects and faces (Purves et al., 2018). However, his personality and social interactions wouldn’t likely be directly affected.

 

 

Full Answer Section

 

 

 

  • Temporal Lobe (Side of the brain): Processes auditory information, language comprehension, and memory. Damage could have led to hearing loss, difficulty understanding speech, or memory problems, impacting his ability to communicate and learn new information (Bear et al., 2020). But his core personality and social interactions might have remained largely intact.
  • Parietal Lobe (Top of the brain): Plays a crucial role in integrating sensory information, spatial awareness, and navigation. Damage could have resulted in spatial neglect, like ignoring one side of his body, or difficulties with tasks requiring spatial reasoning (Kandel et al., 2013). His daily activities and ability to navigate his environment would likely be impacted, but emotional regulation and social interactions might not be significantly altered.
  1. Fight or Flight: The Biology of Stress

Stressful events trigger the autonomic nervous system (ANS), an involuntary system controlling our body’s responses. The sympathetic nervous system activates the “fight or flight” response, preparing us for immediate action. This includes releasing adrenaline, increasing heart rate and respiration, and dilating pupils for enhanced vigilance (Krings & Bönig, 2013). This prepares us to physically confront or escape the threat.

Once the immediate danger passes, the parasympathetic nervous system takes over, restoring the body to a calmer state. This “rest and digest” response slows heart rate, lowers blood pressure, and promotes digestion (Porges, 2007). Having these two opposing branches allows for an appropriate physiological response to both short-term threats and long-term challenges, ensuring our survival and well-being.

In conclusion, while Gage’s frontal lobe damage significantly altered his personality, analyzing other lobe damage helps us appreciate the diverse functions of the brain in shaping behavior. Similarly, understanding the “fight or flight” response and the ANS highlights the intricate link between biology and our emotional and physical reactions to stress.

 

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