The readings for this module have examined the general processes involved in biases (stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination) and how those biases might differ for specific groups. Biases toward African Americans, women, the elderly, and homosexuals were discussed in the readings. Pick two specific groups (either those described in the readings or two other specific groups), and compare the nature of biases toward those groups. Discuss how the various theories concerning intergroup relations might explain their similarities and differences, using at least two scholarly resources to support your analysis.
Describe the nature of the biases towards two specific groups of people; compare and contrast the nature of the biases towards these groups.
Select at least two intergroup relations theories from the readings for this module, and use these theories to explain why the previously identified similarities and differences might occur.
Utilize at least two scholarly resources (peer-reviewed journal articles, published books, and your course material) to support your analysis of the explanations of these similarities and differences.
Full Answer Section
People with Disabilities: Individuals with disabilities face significant biases, including stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination. Common stereotypes portray them as dependent, incapable, and a burden on society. Prejudice towards people with disabilities can manifest as negative attitudes, fear, and avoidance. Discrimination against this group often involves barriers to accessibility, employment, and social participation.
Comparing and Contrasting Biases
While both women and people with disabilities experience prejudice and discrimination, the specific nature of these biases differs in some ways. For instance, biases towards women are often rooted in patriarchal structures and traditional gender roles, whereas biases towards people with disabilities are more likely to be based on misconceptions and fear of the unknown. However, both groups face systemic barriers and challenges related to access, opportunity, and equality.
Theoretical Explanations
Social Dominance Theory (Sidanius & Pratto, 1999): This theory suggests that prejudice and discrimination arise from intergroup competition for resources and power. In the case of women and people with disabilities, they have historically been marginalized and excluded from positions of power and influence. This has contributed to the development of negative stereotypes and discriminatory practices.
Aversive Racism Theory (Dovidio & Gaertner, 1986): This theory proposes that individuals may harbor negative attitudes towards certain groups while simultaneously endorsing egalitarian beliefs. This can lead to subtle forms of discrimination, such as avoiding interactions with members of marginalized groups or giving less favorable treatment. Both women and people with disabilities are likely to experience aversive racism, as individuals may express support for equality while unconsciously holding negative stereotypes.
Conclusion
While the specific manifestations of bias vary between women and people with disabilities, both groups face significant challenges due to prejudice and discrimination. Understanding the underlying psychological and social factors that contribute to these biases is essential for developing effective strategies to promote equality and inclusion.
Sample Answer
Biases Toward Women and People with Disabilities: A Comparative Analysis
Nature of Biases
Women: Biases towards women are pervasive and multifaceted, encompassing stereotypes, prejudices, and discriminatory behaviors. These biases often manifest in the form of gender roles, occupational stereotypes, and objectification. Women are frequently stereotyped as being emotional, nurturing, and submissive, while also being perceived as less competent than men in leadership roles. Prejudice towards women can lead to unequal treatment in various domains, such as education, employment, and healthcare.