Discuss security design principles utilizing different authentication methods and (password) policies.
For example, think about the basic security design principles and how organizations utilize password policies and authentication methods.
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Security design principles utilizing different authentication methods
Full Answer Section
- Fail-Secure Defaults:Security features should be enabled by default, requiring deliberate action to disable them.
- Separation of Duties:Separate critical tasks and access controls among different users to prevent single points of failure.
- Authentication Methods: These verify a user's claimed identity before granting access. Common methods include:
- Something You Know:Passwords, PINs, security questions. (Weakness: Vulnerable to guessing, phishing attacks)
- Something You Have:Security tokens, hardware keys. (Strength: Adds a layer of security beyond passwords)
- Something You Are:Biometrics (fingerprint, facial recognition). (Strength: More unique than passwords, but potential for spoofing)
- Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA):Combines two or more methods, significantly enhancing security. (Strength: Most secure method)
- Password Policies: Guidelines for creating strong passwords:
- Minimum Length:Enforce a minimum length (e.g., 12 characters) to increase complexity.
- Character Complexity:Require a combination of uppercase, lowercase, numbers, and symbols.
- Password History:Prevent users from reusing recent passwords to avoid compromising old ones.
- Regular Changes:Enforce periodic password changes to reduce the window of vulnerability if compromised.
- Defense in Depth:Password policies and authentication methods are two layers of defense. Even if a password is compromised, additional factors (MFA) can prevent unauthorized access.
- Least Privilege:Combined with strong authentication, granting minimal access reduces the impact of a compromised account.
- Fail-Secure Defaults:MFA can be set as the default, requiring additional effort to disable, enhancing security.
- Separation of Duties:MFA can be used for critical tasks or high-level access, adding another layer of control.
Sample Answer
Strong security design relies on multiple layers of defense to protect data and systems. Here's how authentication methods and password policies fit into this framework:
Security Design Principles:
- Defense in Depth: Implement multiple security controls to create layered protection, making it harder for attackers to bypass them all.
- Least Privilege: Grant users only the access level (permissions) necessary to perform their tasks.
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