Schedules of Reinforcement

Identify the reinforcement schedule for each example presented. (Enter the information into the table.)
Explain how each of the four schedules work to evoke a behavior and the type of responding that results.
Describe a naturally occurring reinforcement schedule you have identified in everyday life
Write a short conclusion.

Full Answer Section

       
  • Fixed-Interval (FI): Reinforcement occurs after a fixed amount of time has elapsed. This schedule produces a low to moderate rate of responding with a scalloped pattern of responding (increased responding near the end of the interval).
  • Variable-Interval (VI): Reinforcement occurs after an unpredictable amount of time has elapsed. This schedule produces a low but steady rate of responding.
Naturally Occurring Reinforcement Schedule A common example of a variable-interval schedule in everyday life is checking email. People often check their email at irregular intervals, hoping to find a new message. This behavior is maintained by the intermittent reinforcement of receiving new emails. Conclusion Reinforcement schedules play a crucial role in shaping behavior. By understanding the different types of schedules and their effects, individuals can effectively modify their own behavior and influence the behavior of others.  

Sample Answer

     

Reinforcement Schedule Examples

Example Reinforcement Schedule
Getting a paycheck every other week Fixed-Interval
A slot machine paying off after an average of 20 pulls Variable Ratio
Studying for an exam and then getting a good grade Fixed Ratio
Checking your phone for a new message Variable Interval

How Reinforcement Schedules Work

  • Fixed-Ratio (FR): Reinforcement occurs after a fixed number of responses. This schedule typically produces high rates of responding with a short pause after reinforcement (post-reinforcement pause).
  • Variable-Ratio (VR): Reinforcement occurs after an unpredictable number of responses. This schedule produces high and steady rates of responding with no post-reinforcement pause. It is highly resistant to extinction.