Quantitative vs Qualitative research

Full Answer Section

1. • human behavior and uses non-numerical data like interviews, focus groups, and observations documented in words. (e.g., A study exploring patient experiences with a new medication through interviews)

2. Analysis:

   • Quantitative: Relies on statistical analysis of numerical data to identify patterns, relationships, and differences between variables. Software programs and statistical techniques are used to analyze large datasets.
   • Qualitative: Employs thematic analysis to identify recurring themes and patterns within the collected descriptive data. Researchers interpret the data to understand the meaning participants attribute to their experiences.

3. Generalizability:

   • Quantitative: Aims to generalize findings to a larger population through statistical sampling techniques. The research seeks to establish universal truths or principles applicable beyond the specific study group.
   • Qualitative: Focuses on rich, in-depth understanding within a specific context or group. Generalizability is less of a concern, as the goal is to gain insights into the lived experiences of the participants.

Similarity:

• Both approaches can be used to gain valuable insights. Quantitative research helps us understand the "what" and "how much," while qualitative research helps us understand the "why" and "how" behind a phenomenon. They can be complementary methods used together in a single study (mixed methods approach).

Identifying Ethical Research:

Look for the following indicators when evaluating the ethical conduct of a research study:

• Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval: Most research involving human participants requires approval from an IRB to ensure the study protects participants' rights and well-being. This information is usually mentioned in the methodology section of the research paper.
• Informed Consent: The study should have obtained informed consent from participants, explaining the research purpose, risks, and benefits involved. Participants should have the right to withdraw at any point.
• Confidentiality and anonymity: The research should ensure the confidentiality of participant data and anonymity in reporting the findings, unless participants explicitly agree otherwise.
• Data security: Measures taken to protect the privacy and security of collected data should be outlined.
• Fair and unbiased research design: The study design should be objective and minimize researcher bias that could skew the results.

By being mindful of these ethical considerations, you can have more confidence in the research you encounter.

Sample Answer

Here's a breakdown of the key differences and a similarity between quantitative and qualitative research designs, along with how to identify ethical research practices:

Differences:

1. Data Type:

   • Quantitative: Focuses on numerical data. It aims to measure and quantify variables to test hypotheses and establish cause-and-effect relationships. Data is collected through surveys, experiments, and observations that can be translated into numbers. (e.g., A study measuring the effectiveness of a new drug by tracking changes in blood pressure using numerical values)
   • Qualitative: Focuses on understanding experiences, meanings, and