Model |
Description |
Effectiveness for Adult Learners |
Advantages |
Disadvantages |
Example Activities |
Individually Guided Development (IGD) |
Learners set their own goals and choose learning activities. |
Empowers learners, addresses individual needs. |
Learner-centered, flexible. |
Requires self-directedness, may lack structure. |
Self-reflection, online courses, mentoring relationships. |
Observation & Assessment |
Peers or supervisors observe practice and provide feedback. |
Improves practice through focused feedback and reflection. |
Contextualized learning, expert guidance. |
Relies on qualified observers, can be time-consuming. |
Video observations with peer coaching, classroom walkthroughs with feedback. |
Inquiry |
Learners research and investigate problems of practice. |
Develops critical thinking and problem-solving skills. |
Active learning, collaborative knowledge creation. |
Requires time for research, may not address broader skills. |
Action research projects, collaborative problem-solving workshops. |
Workshop/Lecture |
Experts present information and lead discussions. |
Efficient knowledge transfer, good for introducing new concepts. |
Structured learning, clear content delivery. |
Limited interaction, may not address specific needs. |
Guest speaker presentations, interactive workshops with case studies. |
Coaching & Mentoring |
One-on-one coaching or mentoring relationships provide ongoing support and guidance. |
Personalized guidance, fosters professional growth. |
Deep learning, builds confidence. |
Can be expensive, relies on availability of qualified coaches or mentors. |