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Discuss recommended guidelines for physical activity and nutrition during pregnancy. (USLO 10.1)
Identify recommended guidelines for nutrition in infancy. (USLO 10.2)
Discuss how a child’s nutrient needs will change throughout childhood and into adolescents. (USLOs 10.3, 10.4)
Discuss differences in energy needs between older and young adults. (USLO 10.5)
That's a great request covering key nutrition and physical activity guidelines across the lifespan! Here are the recommended guidelines for pregnancy, infancy, childhood, adolescence, and older adulthood.
Recommended guidelines focus on ensuring adequate weight gain, consuming essential nutrients, and maintaining a healthy level of physical activity for both maternal and fetal well-being.
Calorie Needs: An increase in caloric intake is generally not needed during the first trimester.1 During the second and third trimesters, an additional 340-450 calories per day is typically recommended.2
Key Nutrients:
Folate (Folic Acid): Crucial for preventing neural tube defects.3 A supplement of 400-800 4$\mu$g per day is recommended, ideally starting before conception and continuing through the first trimester.5
Iron: Needed to support the increased maternal blood volume and fetal needs.6 A daily supplement of 27 mg is often recommended to prevent iron-deficiency anemia.
Calcium and Vitamin D: Essential for developing fetal bones and teeth.7
Iodine: Crucial for the synthesis of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism and are vital for fetal brain development.8
Protein: Increased needs for tissue growth.
Fluid Intake: Drink plenty of water (about 10-12 cups per day).9
Food Safety: Avoid unpasteurized milk/cheeses, raw or undercooked meat/fish/poultry, deli meats (unless heated), and limit consumption of fish high in mercury (e.g., swordfish, king mackerel).
Alcohol and Tobacco: Complete avoidance of alcohol and smoking is essential.