Philosopy: risk, consent, and innocence/guilt

Academic Leaver: BachelorPaper details v Let's set aside issues involving risk. consent. and innocence/guilt. and focus on cases where everyone is innocent and non-consenting. and where all the outcomes of one's actions are known- Under these circumstances. consider the following three views: Harm View: An action is wrong just in cases it causes harm Cost-Benefit View: An action is wrong just in case it causes more harm then good. i-e.. just in case it results in a REDUCTION of total welfare. Total Welfare Maximization View: An action is wrong just in case it FAILS TO MAXIMIZE total welfare. That is. an action is wrong just in case there is some alternative action available to the agent which would result in a greater total welfare among all the affected parties- Or to put this another way: An action is wrong just in case some other action would produce a greater net total of benefits minus harms- 1- Explain one problem faced by the Harm View which is solved by the Cost-Benefit View. and explain how the Cost-Benefit View solves this problem. 2. Explain one problem faced by the Cost Benefit View which is solved by the Total Welfare Maximization View. and explain how the Total Welfare Maximization View solves this problem. Note: in answering these questions. while you are encouraged to consult the notes. you should not simply copy what is in them. Recall that you neec to show that you UNDERSTAND what we discussed in class. Thus. explain the problems and solutions in your own words. and use your own examples to illustrate them. Prospective Component. 1- Under what conditions do you think we are morally required to BENEFIT others? State your view in the form of a general principle. 2. For each of the three views considered in the Retrospective Component. explain what it implies about our obligations (or lack of obligations) to help others. Are these implications plausible or implausible? Defend your answer.