Philosophical Perspectives: Models of Knowledge as Action

Philosophical Perspectives: Models of Knowledge as Action Order Description Question: In what ways does the discussion in Plato’s Meno between Socrates and Meno about virtue (70a-79e) prepare the reader to understand the discussion between Socrates and Meno about knowledge (80a-86c)? Instructions: • 1000 words approximately; typed, double-spaced essay o You will find the word limit restrictive; it is my way to ensure that (a) students go through multiple drafts before turning in a final product; that (b) students focus on the unfolding line of reasoning rather than fillers. Keep in mind that writing is not what we do after we have understood something but writing is how we come to understand something. Revision of one’s work is a process that leads to self-knowledge and self-reflection. o Your audience is never the teacher but somebody who has never been to class and relies solely on your essay to understand what the issue is. • Use any style you prefer but be consistent throughout your essay • Cite the primary sources and any secondary sources you might use o This is a cautionary note against plagiarism. Also, make sure you use the class notes posted on Canvas creatively and that you do not just repeat them. • The exam is due back on Wednesday, April 13 (via e-mail) Suggested Outline: The discussion between Socrates and Meno about virtue (70a-79e) illustrates Socrates’ methodology – which is consistent whether the topic is virtue or the nature of knowledge. • Identify this methodology which becomes immediately apparent while they discuss Meno’s first definition of virtue but also guides Socrates’ examination of the two other definitions of virtue suggested by Meno. Meno’s Paradox signifies the transition from discussing virtue to discussing knowledge. • What is Meno’s Paradox? • What are the implications of the paradox? • What does Socrates have to do? Socrates defends his approach to knowledge with a religious story and a mathematical illustration. • Present and evaluate each response • How successful is Socrates defending his approach to knowledge with the religious story and the mathematical illustration (in terms of proof, evidence, and evaluation of the alternative position)? Conclusion Up to you but some possibilities are: • Can you think of arguments which show that relativism is not self-refuting and/or self-defeating? • Can you think of other challenges to Socrates’ position or to relativism? • Can you think of other arguments in favor of Socrates’ position or in favor of relativism? • Is there a possible middle ground between the two positions?