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Pediatric

A 5 year old child and her mother present to your clinic. The mother reports that the child has had a cough and sounds "wheezy" for the last 2 days. She states that the child always gets like this when she is sick. She also reports that the child has been complaining that her right ear hurts. In addition, you notice dry scaly patches on the child's elbows and behind her knees.
What are your differentials and diagnosis, write the rationales:
1-Asthma exacerbation: primary diagnosis:
2-Bronchiolitis causing ear infection:
3-Eczema (Atopic dermatitis):
What would you prescribe for each condition (treatment with references).

Full Answer Section

An asthma exacerbation can be triggered by a number of things, including:

Allergens, such as pollen, dust mites, or pet dander
Cold air
Exercise
Illness, such as a cold or the flu
Certain medications

If you have asthma, it is important to have a plan in place for managing your asthma. This plan should include:

Taking your medications as prescribed
Avoiding your triggers
Knowing the signs and symptoms of an asthma exacerbation
What to do if you have an asthma exacerbation

Bronchiolitis Bronchiolitis is an infection of the small airways in the lungs. It is most common in young children, but it can also occur in adults. The symptoms of bronchiolitis can include:

Wheezing
Coughing
Shortness of breath
Fever
Runny nose
Sneezing

Bronchiolitis is usually caused by a virus, such as the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). RSV is a common virus that can cause colds and other respiratory infections. Most children with bronchiolitis recover without any problems. However, some children may need to be hospitalized, especially if they are very young or have other health problems. Eczema (Atopic dermatitis) Eczema is a chronic skin condition that causes the skin to become red, itchy, and inflamed. It is most common in children, but it can also occur in adults. The exact cause of eczema is not known, but it is thought to be caused by a combination of factors, including genetics, allergies, and the environment. The symptoms of eczema can vary from person to person. They can include:

Red, itchy skin
Dry, cracked skin
Rashes
Blisters
Skin that weeps or crusts

There is no cure for eczema, but there are treatments that can help to control the symptoms. Treatments for eczema typically include:

Moisturizers
Anti-itch medications
Topical steroids
Phototherapy

Conclusion These are just three of the many conditions that can affect the airways. If you have any concerns about your health, be sure to see a doctor.

Sample Answer

Asthma exacerbation Asthma is a chronic condition that affects the airways. The airways are the tubes that carry air in and out of the lungs. In people with asthma, the airways are sensitive and can become inflamed and narrowed. This can make it difficult to breathe. An asthma exacerbation is a sudden worsening of asthma symptoms. Symptoms of an asthma exacerbation can include:

Wheezing
Shortness of breath
Chest tightness
Coughing