Older adults (OA) are at risk for potential hazards of hospitalization

Full Answer Section

• • Strength and Balance Training: Implement physical therapy programs to improve strength and balance, if appropriate.

2. Delirium:

• Hazard: Delirium is a sudden change in mental state characterized by confusion, disorientation, and agitation. It can be caused by medication changes, infections, dehydration, or sleep deprivation, all of which are common in hospitalized older adults.
• Prevention Strategies:
  • Minimize Medication Changes: Review and minimize medication changes during hospitalization, especially medications affecting the central nervous system.
  • Maintain Sleep Hygiene: Promote regular sleep patterns with consistent sleep schedules and a calming environment.
  • Orient to Environment: Provide clocks, calendars, and familiar objects to help patients stay oriented to time and place.
  • Pain Management: Adequate pain management can improve sleep and reduce agitation.

3. Pressure Ulcers (Bedsores):

• Hazard: Pressure ulcers develop when constant pressure on skin cuts off blood flow, leading to tissue damage. Older adults are more susceptible due to reduced mobility and skin integrity.
• Prevention Strategies:
  • Frequent Repositioning: Reposition patients every two hours to alleviate pressure on bony prominences.
  • Skin Assessment: Regularly assess skin for redness, dryness, or breakdown. Use specialized support surfaces like pressure-relieving mattresses and cushions.
  • Proper Nutrition and Hydration: Maintain adequate nutrition and hydration to promote skin health.
  • Patient and Family Education: Educate patients and families about pressure ulcer prevention strategies and how to inspect skin.

• Cognitive Impairment: For patients with cognitive impairment, additional interventions like providing familiar objects or simplified instructions might be necessary.
• Communication: Effective communication with older adults is crucial, ensuring they understand their care plan and feel comfortable seeking help.
• Family Involvement: Engaging families in patient care and education can enhance safety and recovery.

Sample Answer

Three Potential Hazards for Older Adults (OA) in Hospitals and Prevention Strategies:

1. Falls:

• Hazard: Falls are the leading cause of injury and a significant concern for older adults in hospitals. Weakened muscles, balance problems, and medications can increase fall risk.

• Prevention Strategies:

  • Environmental Modifications: Ensure proper lighting, non-slip flooring, grab bars in bathrooms, and assistive devices like walkers or canes readily available.
  • Assessment and Footwear: Assess gait and balance upon admission. Provide supportive footwear with good traction.
  • Patient Education: Educate patients about fall risks and encourage them to call for assistance when needed.