Modernism, Technological Fundamentalism, and Utopia

read the following:

-Marinetti, Filippo, "The Founding and Manifesto of Futurism" (1909). (Available on Blackboard)(PFA)

Also, please watch the following film:

-To New Horizons, General Motors Production (1940). (Available on YouTube: https://youtu.be/4F5iMXMloYE - you can begin at the 8:00 minute mark)

Buoyed by a faith in the promise and potentialities of technology, many people began to take seriously the idea of theorizing about remaking society according to a utopian vision during the "modern" period. However, society can and does consist of a vast array of diverse viewpoints. That is to say, one person's idea of utopia may be another person's idea of dystopia. Keep this in mind when addressing the following points in a well-written, 300-400 word essay (feel free to exceed that amount if you have more to say):

1. Of the three "materials of modernism" that we identified in class, focus on one of the materials and explain how the mass production of that particular material impacted society. In other words, what aspects of society changed due to the mass influx of this particular material?
2. In his "Founding and Manifesto of Futurism" (1909), Filippo Marinetti embraces technology and celebrates the "new" while disparaging the "old," or the past. How is Marinetti's manifesto an example of "technological fundamentalism"? How do the modern theories and practical applications articulated by Theo van Doesburg (De Stijl ["The Style"]) and Walter Gropius (The Bauhaus) differ from Marinetti's vision of Futurism?
3. The General Motors video To New Horizons offers a highly optimistic view of the future. What aspects of society and technology does the video highlight and what aspects does it omit? (Include at least two examples of each). Why do you think the video highlights specific aspects over others?
4. Explain, as best you can in your own words, the theoretical concept of "Universal Design" (also referred to as "dismodernism" by disability studies scholar Lennard Davis). How do the modernist movements of De Stijl ("The Style") and The Bauhaus influence and inform the contemporary movement of Universal Design? Are there any current technologies that could potentially help practically realize aspects of Universal Design in the same way that certain technologies helped practically realize the ideas of "The Style" and The Bauhaus in the early to mid-twentieth century?