• Apply models of ethical decision making for resolving anthropological issues in complex social environments
• Assess the ethical impact of biases on anthropological research and discoveries
• Analyze how ethical decision making in anthropology impacts individuals and groups in both the present and future
• Differentiate between western scientific methods and indigenous knowledge in cultural situations for their ethical application
Sample Answer
Anthropological Ethics: A Framework for Analysis
Anthropological ethics is a crucial domain that governs research and practice, especially given anthropology's history and its deep engagement with diverse and often vulnerable human communities. The four points you've listed form a comprehensive framework for ethical analysis in the discipline.
Applying Models of Ethical Decision-Making
For resolving anthropological issues in complex social environments, ethical decision-making models provide a structured approach:
In complex environments (e.g., conflict zones, marginalized groups), the anthropologist often faces an ethical dilemma where no single model provides a perfect answer. The practical resolution often involves a blended approach, prioritizing the principles of non-maleficence and local autonomy.
Assessing the Ethical Impact of Biases on Research and Discoveries
Bias—both conscious and unconscious—can profoundly affect every stage of anthropological research, leading to unethical practices and distorted "discoveries."
Selection and Sampling Bias: If a researcher only consults the dominant members of a community, their findings will be biased toward that group's perspective, ethically marginalizing the voices of women, youth, or lower-caste/class members.
Confirmation Bias: The anthropologist might interpret data only to confirm their pre-existing Western theories or hypotheses, obscuring valid indigenous explanations. The ethical impact is the perpetuation of colonial or Western-centric narratives, which can misrepresent groups to policymakers or the public.