Management Plan

49-year-old female presents today with complaints of exertional mid- chest pain that has been occurring for the past 2 weeks. The patient describes the pain as a “squeezing feeling” that radiates to her left arm while she was cross country skiing in extreme cold weather. The patient states that the pain worsens in cold weather and is accompanied by dyspnea that is only alleviated with rest. The patient reports the chest pain to be moderate and reports a 6/10 on a pain scale when episodes occur. The patient reports a history of hypertension and hypercholesterolemia and reports a family history of heart disease. Upon physical examination, the patient is slightly overweight with a BMI of 25.5 but has a normal physical examination.
Use the expert diagnosis (Stable Angina provided to create a pertinent, comprehensive, evidenced-based management plan.
Address the following criteria in the plan:
1.) Diagnostic tests;
2.) Medications (write out a complete order, even for OTC meds); HCTZ 12.5mg
3.) Suggested consults/referrals;
4.) Patient education
5.) Follow-up, including time interval and specific symptoms to prompt a return visit sooner;
6.) Provide rationales for each intervention and include references to support your plan. Clinical practice guidelines should be utilized as applicable.

CC: Intermittent squeezing chest pain • MSAP: Exertional “squeezing” mid-chest pain radiating to left arm, relieved by rest, worse with cold • Associated dyspnea on exertion • History: HLD, HTN, previous smoker, family hx of heart disease • Stressful work

Full Answer Section

       

2. Medications:

  • Nitroglycerin: Sublingual nitroglycerin tablet (0.4 mg) as needed for chest pain. Advise patient to store the medication in a cool, dark place and replace every 6 months.
  • Beta-Blocker: Atenolol 25-50 mg daily or metoprolol succinate 25-50 mg daily to reduce myocardial oxygen demand and prevent future angina attacks.
  • Aspirin: 81 mg daily to reduce the risk of heart attack and stroke.
  • Statin: Atorvastatin 10-40 mg daily to lower LDL cholesterol and reduce the risk of cardiovascular events.
  • Antihypertensive: If blood pressure is elevated, continue or adjust the current antihypertensive medication (e.g., HCTZ 12.5 mg daily).

3. Suggested Consults/Referrals:

  • Cardiologist: For further evaluation and management of coronary artery disease.
  • Cardiac Rehabilitation: To help the patient manage their condition and improve their overall health.

4. Patient Education:

  • Angina Management: Educate the patient about the signs and symptoms of angina, triggers, and the importance of taking medications as prescribed.
  • Lifestyle Modifications: Advise the patient on lifestyle modifications, including a healthy diet, regular exercise, stress management, and smoking cessation.
  • Emergency Plan: Develop an emergency plan with the patient, including when to seek immediate medical attention.

5. Follow-Up:

  • Schedule a follow-up appointment with the cardiologist within 1-2 weeks.
  • Advise the patient to return sooner if they experience worsening chest pain, new or worsening symptoms, or if they have any questions or concerns.

Rationales for Interventions and References:

  • Nitroglycerin: Used for acute relief of angina attacks. [Reference: American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Guidelines for the Management of Stable Angina, 2020]
  • Beta-Blockers: Reduce myocardial oxygen demand and prevent future angina attacks. [Reference: American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Guidelines for the Management of Stable Angina, 2020]
  • Aspirin: Reduces the risk of cardiovascular events. [Reference: American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Guidelines for the Management of Stable Angina, 2020]
  • Statins: Lower LDL cholesterol and reduce the risk of cardiovascular events. [Reference: American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Guidelines for the Management of Stable Angina, 2020]

By following this management plan, the patient can effectively manage their stable angina and reduce the risk of future cardiac events.

 

Sample Answer

     

1. Diagnostic Tests:

  • Electrocardiogram (ECG): To identify any underlying heart abnormalities, especially ST-segment changes indicative of ischemia.
  • Stress Test: Exercise stress test or pharmacological stress test to assess the heart's response to stress and identify any areas of ischemia.
  • Cardiac Markers: Troponin levels to rule out acute coronary syndrome (ACS).
  • Echocardiogram: To evaluate the heart's structure and function, especially left ventricular function.