leadership and pay/"Pay Equity and Benefits" Order Description see attached "Pay Equity and Benefits" 1. Using the internet research the Equal Pay Act and its effects on both men and women in the workplace and determine the importance of equal pay between men and women. Then, suggest two (2) valid reasons why their pay may be different for the same position. Justify your response. 2. Assess the importance of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) when an employer provides benefits of any kind. Classify two (2) pros of an employee using the benefits that the employer provides and at least one (1) con that may be a conflict for an employee using such benefits. Note: Refer to cases Livickv. Gillette, and Battoni v. IBEW Local Union No. 102 Employee Pension Plan 594 F.3d 230 (3d Cir. 2010) as you formulate your response. "Unions and OSHA" 3. Go to the “Board Decisions” section of the National Labor Relations Board’s Website, located at http://www.nlrb.gov/cases-decisions/board-decisions, and use the Search option to find and then review one (1) case concerning unions and / or collective bargaining.Evaluate the overall importance of the National Labor Relations Board. Next, summarize the pertinent details of the case that you have selected, and give your opinion of the Board’s decision and the fairness of the outcome. Support your response with specific details from the selected case. 4. Go to the United States Department of Labor’s Website, and review one (1) article from the Occupational Safety & Health Administration’s (OSHA) “Latest News” section, located at https://www.osha.gov/.Evaluate the overall importance of OSHA. Next, give your opinion of whether OSHA offers enough protection or overregulates the safety of workers. Support your response with specific details from the selected news story. "Performance Appraisal" 5. Use the internet to research performance appraisal fairness and denial of employment opportunities based on gender and disability. Explore the major issues inherent within the performance appraisal process that may lead to any type of discrimination within an organization based on two (2) of the following: gender, disability, or denial of employment opportunity. Support your response with two (2) relevant recent cases, and explain the outcome of the case. 6. Use the internet to research privacy protection for email and Internet communication.Examine workplace privacy as it relates to emails and Internet communication. Suggest two (2) recommendations that an organization should make to its employees geared toward protecting the privacy of the organization when employees use emails and communicate via the Internet. Justify your response. LEADERSHIP 7. Select which leadership theory most accurately describes your current or future approach to leadership. Based on the selected theory, give one (1) example from your personal or professional life when your leadership was effective and one (1) example when your leadership was not effective. Reflect on a lesson that you learned from the ineffective leadership experience which you could apply to similar situations in the future. How did or will body language impact your perception? CONFLICT AND NEGOTIATIONS The Conflict Process The Negotiation 8. Consider a conflict that you or someone that you know is currently experiencing at work. Using the conflict process and ethical consideration, recommend an approach for resolving the conflict. Propose the conflict management techniques that you believe would be most effective to achieve the desired outcome(s) of your recommendation. ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE The Functions of Culture First, culture has a boundary-defining role: It creates distinctions between one organization and others. Second, it conveys a sense of identity for organization members. Third, culture facilitates commitment to something larger than individual self-interest. Fourth, it enhances the stability of the social system. Culture is the social glue that helps hold the organization together by providing standards for what employees should say and do. Finally, it is a sense-making and control mechanism that guides and shapes employees’ attitudes and behavior. This last function is of particular interest to us. Culture defines the rules of the game. Today’s trend toward decentralized organizations makes culture more important than ever, but ironically it also makes establishing a strong culture more difficult. When formal authority and control systems are reduced, culture’s shared meaning can point everyone in the same direction. However, employees organized in teams may show greater allegiance to their team and its values than to the organization as a whole. In virtual organizations, the lack of frequent face-to-face contact makes establishing a common set of norms very difficult. Strong leadership that communicates frequently about common goals and priorities is especially important in innovative organizations. Individual–organization “fit”—that is, whether the applicant’s or employee’s attitudes and behavior are compatible with the culture—strongly influences who gets a job offer, a favorable performance review, or a promotion. It’s no coincidence that Disney theme park employees appear almost universally attractive, clean, and wholesome with bright smiles. The company selects employees who will maintain that image. On the job, a strong culture supported by formal rules and regulations ensures employees will act in a relatively uniform and predictable way. Culture Creates Climate If you’ve worked with someone whose positive attitude inspired you to do your best, or with a lackluster team that drained your motivation, you’ve experienced the effects of climate. Organizational climate refers to the shared perceptions organizational members have about their organization and work environment. This aspect of culture is like team spirit at the organizational level. When everyone has the same general feelings about what is important or how well things are working, the effect of these attitudes will be more than the sum of the individual parts. One meta-analysis found that across dozens of different samples, psychological climate was strongly related to individuals’ level of job satisfaction, involvement, commitment, and motivation. A positive overall workplace climate has been linked to higher customer satisfaction and financial performance as well. 9. Categorize your current or past organization into one (1) of the five (5) most prevalent ethical climates discussed above. Analyze whether it is a centralized or decentralized structure. Examine the impact that the selected ethical climate and structure has on the organization’s culture