Full Answer Section

• Internet:Employs packet switching, breaking data into smaller packets and sending them through various routes based on availability. This offers better scalability, resilience, and efficient use of resources.

2. Network Protocol Suite:

• ARPANET:Initially used Network Control Protocol (NCP) which was later replaced by TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) in the late 1970s.
• Internet:Relies on the standardized TCP/IP suite for communication across diverse networks, enabling seamless connectivity regardless of specific implementations.

3. Network Architecture:

• ARPANET:Had a centralized design with network control centers.
• Internet:Operates on a decentralized architecture with distributed routing and no single point of control, enhancing fault tolerance and adaptability.

4. Network Reach and Purpose:

• ARPANET:Limited to research institutions and government agencies, primarily used for sharing data and resources.
• Internet:Global network with diverse users, enabling communication, commerce, information access, and various applications.

5. Network Speed and Capacity:

• ARPANET:Operated at low speeds (50 kbps) with limited data capacity.
• Internet:Supports various high-speed technologies (fiber, cable, Wi-Fi) with vastly increased capacity and diverse applications.

Marketing Communication Transformations:

The perception of computers and network technologies has drastically shifted since the early 1980s:

1. Early 1980s:

• Focus on technical specifications:Ads emphasized computing power, memory, and storage capacity.
• Limited accessibility:Computers were seen as expensive, complex tools for professionals and enthusiasts.
• Fear of technology:Negative portrayals fueled anxieties about job displacement and social isolation.

Today:

• Emphasis on user experience and benefits:Ads highlight ease of use, connectivity, and solutions to everyday problems.
• Broader accessibility:Computers are more affordable and integrated into daily life, offering various functionalities.
• Techno-optimism:Technology is generally seen as a positive force for communication, entertainment, and progress.

Apple vs. Microsoft: Network Technology Lens:

Both companies have leveraged network technologies to maintain their dominance:

Apple:

• Early adoption of open standards:Embraced TCP/IP, facilitating easier internet connection and interoperability.
• Focus on user experience:Designed intuitive interfaces and user-friendly network setup processes.
• Closed ecosystem:Controlled hardware, software, and services, ensuring seamless integration and network optimization.

Microsoft:

• Dominant presence in enterprise networks:Windows operating system and server solutions widely used in businesses and organizations.
• Focus on interoperability:Developed various protocols and technologies to ensure compatibility with diverse network environments.
• Cloud computing services:Azure platform offers scalable and flexible network solutions for various needs.

Both companies:

• Constant innovation:Adapt to emerging network technologies like cloud computing, mobile networks, and IoT.
• Customer-centric approach:Offer network solutions tailored to different user needs and preferences.

The key takeaway is that both Apple and Microsoft have strategically leveraged network technologies to cater to specific user segments, maintain relevance, and adapt to evolving digital landscapes.