Using the LIRN library, research and present on one of the 10 body systems. The student must upload an associated presentation citing sources using APA format.
There MUST be a cover page, Table of Contents and A Reference Page.
Integumentary System
a. Draw and label the skin.
b. State the functions of the skin.
c. Name and describe the components of skin: Hair, Nails, Glands
d. Explain at least 2 major disorders of that occur within this system. Include:
i. A brief description of the disorder
ii. Signs and symptoms
iii. Prevalence (statistical occurrence, who is affected)
iv. Treatment options
Digestive System
a. Draw and label the entire digestive system. Define mastication, defecation, and deglutition.
b. Outline the functions of the organs in the digestive system, including mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, pancreas, gallbladder, rectum, and anus.
c. Explain the purpose/need for enzymes in digestion, NAME the enzymes.
d. Explain at least 2 major disorders of that occur within this system. Include:
i. A brief description of the disorder
ii. Signs and symptoms
iii. Prevalence (statistical occurrence, who is affected)
iv. Treatment options
Excretory (Urinary) System
a. Draw and label a diagram of the kidney (include the cortex, medulla, renal pelvis, ureter and renal blood vessels).
b. State the functions of the system. Define excretion.
c. Explain at least 2 major disorders of that occur within this system. Include:
i. A brief description of the disorder
ii. Signs and symptoms
iii. Prevalence (statistical occurrence, who is affected) iv. Treatment options
Circulatory (Cardiovascular) System
a. Draw and label a diagram of the heart showing the four chambers, associated blood vessels and valves.
b. State the function of the system.
c. Explain the relationship between the structure and functions of arteries, veins and capillaries. d. Explain, in detail, the pathway of blood through the heart (including names of structures – don’t forget about the valves!).
e. Describe the composition of blood, including plasma, erythrocytes, leukocytes and thrombocytes.
f. Explain at least 2 major disorders of that occur within this system. Include:
i. A brief description of the disorder
ii. Signs and symptoms
iii. Prevalence (statistical occurrence, who is affected)
iv. Treatment options
Full Answer Section
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- Components of the Skin
- Major Disorders of the Integumentary System
- Conclusion
- References
Introduction
The integumentary system is the largest organ system in the body. It is made up of the skin, hair, nails, and glands. The skin is the outermost layer of the body and it protects the body from the environment. The hair, nails, and glands are all appendages of the skin.
Body of the Paper
Drawing and Labeling of the Skin
The following diagram shows a drawing and labeling of the skin:
[Diagram of the skin]
Functions of the Skin
The skin has a number of important functions, including:
- Protection: The skin protects the body from the environment, including harmful UV rays, bacteria, and chemicals.
- Regulation of body temperature: The skin helps to regulate body temperature by sweating and vasodilation (widening of blood vessels).
- Sensation: The skin contains nerve endings that allow us to feel sensations such as pain, touch, temperature, and pressure.
- Vitamin D production: The skin produces vitamin D when exposed to sunlight. Vitamin D is important for bone health and immune function.
Components of the Skin
The skin is made up of three main layers: the epidermis, the dermis, and the hypodermis.
Epidermis
The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin. It is made up of keratinized cells, which are dead cells that are filled with keratin. Keratin is a tough protein that helps to protect the skin.
Dermis
The dermis is the middle layer of the skin. It is made up of connective tissue, blood vessels, nerves, and glands. The dermis is responsible for giving the skin its strength and elasticity.
Hypodermis
The hypodermis is the deepest layer of the skin. It is made up of adipose tissue (fat). The hypodermis helps to insulate the body and protect the internal organs.
Hair
Hair is made up of keratinized cells. It grows from hair follicles, which are located in the dermis. Hair has a number of functions, including:
- Protection: Hair protects the head from the sun and other environmental elements.
- Insulation: Hair helps to insulate the body and keep it warm.
- Sensation: Hair contains nerve endings that allow us to feel sensations such as touch and temperature.
Nails
Nails are made up of keratinized cells. They grow from the nail matrix, which is located at the base of the nail. Nails have a number of functions, including:
- Protection: Nails protect the fingertips and toes from injury.
- Sensation: Nails contain nerve endings that allow us to feel sensations such as touch and pressure.
Glands
The skin contains a number of glands, including:
- Sweat glands: Sweat glands produce sweat, which helps to regulate body temperature.
- Sebaceous glands: Sebaceous glands produce sebum, which is an oily substance that helps to lubricate and protect the skin.
- Apocrine glands: Apocrine glands produce sweat that has a strong odor. These glands are usually activated during puberty.
Major Disorders of the Integumentary System
There are a number of disorders that can affect the integumentary system. Two of the most common disorders are acne and psoriasis.
Acne
Acne is a skin condition that is characterized by the formation of pimples. It is caused by a combination of factors, including hormones, bacteria, and excess oil production. Acne is most common among adolescents, but it can also affect adults.
Signs and symptoms:
- Blackheads
- Whiteheads
- Pimples
- Cysts
- Redness and inflammation of the skin
Prevalence:
Acne is the most common skin condition in the United States, affecting up to 50 million people each year.
**Treatment