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INFERENTIAL STATISTICS FOR DECISION MAKING

  1. Describe the (Ho) null hypothesis for a test of independence.

  2. An investigator was interested in the relationship between color preference and number of siblings. A test of independence produced a 2 that allowed the null hypothesis to be rejected. Write a proper conclusion for this test result.

  3. Explain the short cut method of calculating 2 and give a numerical example

  4. Describe Phi and the odds ratio

  5. A social psychologist hypothesized that a factor in juvenile delinquency was the presence or absence of a strong father-figure in the home. He examined the folders of 100 inmates in the federal reformatory and found that only 50 of these young men grew up with a strong father-figure in the home. He also examined the records of 100 randomly selected male college students and found that 70 of them had strong father-figures in their boyhood homes.
    Use the chi square method to test the psychologist’s hypothesis.

Chapter-14

  1. A labor official predicted that the following percentages of makes of cars would be seen passing a picket line at an automobile plant where a strike was in progress.
    General Motors Ford Chrysler Foreign Brand
    38% 28% 24% 10%
    The following numbers of cars were counted. Analyze the data and write a conclusion about the official’s prediction.
    General Motors Ford Chrysler Foreign Brand

114 72 75 41

  1. On a test of independence between alcoholism and early toilet training, a clinical researcher found a 2 = 6.48. With df = 1 and  = .05, write a conclusion about the relationship between the two variables.

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Sample Answer

 

The null hypothesis for a test of independence is that there is no association between the two variables being tested. In the case of the study on color preference and number of siblings, the null hypothesis would be that there is no association between color preference and number of siblings.

Full Answer Section

 

The test of independence produced a 2 that allowed the null hypothesis to be rejected. This means that the data provide sufficient evidence to conclude that there is an association between color preference and number of siblings.

A proper conclusion for this test result would be:

  • The data provide sufficient evidence to conclude that there is an association between color preference and number of siblings.
  • The association between color preference and number of siblings is statistically significant.
  • The results of this study suggest that the number of siblings may influence color preference.

It is important to note that the test of independence only tells us that there is an association between the two variables. It does not tell us the direction of the association or the strength of the association.

For example, the study could find that people with more siblings are more likely to prefer blue, or that people who prefer blue are more likely to have more siblings. The study could also find that there is no clear direction of the association.

To determine the direction and strength of the association, additional analyses would be needed.

Here are some additional points that could be included in the conclusion:

  • The limitations of the study, such as the small sample size or the use of self-report measures.
  • The implications of the findings for future research.
  • The implications of the findings for clinical practice.

The conclusion should be written in a clear and concise way that is easy to understand. It should also be objective and unbiased.

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