Increase in medication use always correspond to a decrease in illness diagnoses

A. Why doesn't an increase in medication use always correspond to a decrease in illness diagnoses, and how can it sometimes lead to a higher rate of illness diagnoses in a population? What implications does this have regarding the influence of the pharmaceutical industry on the perceptions of health and illness among doctors and patients? Include insights from one of this week's readings or videos in your discussion.

B. How would you respond if a patient visits your office, informs you they have ADHD and asks for a specific medication they've seen advertised on television?

Full Answer Section

     
  • Focus on Symptoms, Not Cures: Medications often manage symptoms without addressing the root cause of an illness. For example, antidepressants can alleviate depression symptoms, but they may not cure the underlying cause.
  • Overdiagnosis and Polypharmacy: There's a growing concern about overdiagnosis, where people are diagnosed with conditions that wouldn't significantly impact their well-being. This can lead to unnecessary medication use. Additionally, polypharmacy (taking multiple medications) is common, and interactions can create new health problems.
  • Pharmaceutical Industry Influence: Pharmaceutical companies have a vested interest in promoting their medications. They may sponsor research highlighting the benefits of their drugs while downplaying potential side effects. This can influence both doctors' prescribing habits and patients' perceptions of illness and treatment options.

Implications:

  • Critical Evaluation: Doctors and patients need to critically evaluate the information they receive about medications. Understanding the potential for bias from the pharmaceutical industry is crucial.
  • Holistic Approach: Treatment should focus not just on symptom management with medication but also on addressing underlying causes and promoting overall well-being.
  • Transparency: Greater transparency is needed regarding pharmaceutical industry funding of research and marketing practices.

B. Responding to a Patient Requesting Advertised ADHD Medication

Here's how I would respond to a patient requesting a specific ADHD medication:

  1. Active Listening: First, I would actively listen to the patient's concerns and understand why they've chosen this specific medication.
  2. Diagnosis and Evaluation: Explain that ADHD diagnosis requires a thorough evaluation, not just self-diagnosis based on advertisements.
  3. Treatment Options: Discuss various treatment options for ADHD, including medications (not limited to the advertised one), therapy, and lifestyle modifications.
  4. Evidence-Based Approach: Explain that I prescribe medications based on individual needs and established medical guidelines, not solely on commercials.
  5. Shared Decision Making: Emphasize shared decision making, where we discuss treatment options together and choose the best approach for them.
  6. Education: Provide educational resources about ADHD and treatment options.

Additional Points:

  • Avoid Brand Names: Focus on the generic name of the medication to avoid pharmaceutical industry influence.
  • Transparency: Explain the potential side effects and risks of any medication considered.

By following these steps, I can ensure the patient receives appropriate care based on their individual needs and a thorough evaluation, not just a television advertisement.

Sample Answer

   

A. Medication Use, Diagnosis Rates, and Pharmaceutical Influence

There isn't always a clear correlation between increased medication use and decreased illness diagnoses. Here's why:

  • Disease Awareness and Diagnostic Criteria: Increased public awareness and broader diagnostic criteria can lead to more people being diagnosed with a condition, even if the actual prevalence hasn't changed. This can create the illusion that medication use is increasing the illness rate. (This point aligns with our reading on the medicalization of society).