Hypertension

  1. Sara is a 45-year-old female presenting for her annual exam. Her blood pressure
    today is 160/90 HR 84 RR 16. Her height is 64 inches and her weight is 195. Her
    last visit to the clinic 3 months ago shows a BP of 156/92. She is currently taking
    ibuprofen 600 mg tid for back pain. She has no known allergies. What is the goal
    for her blood pressure? What medication would you prescribe to treat her blood
    pressure? What education would you prescribe?
  2. Monty is a 52-year-old male following up on his labs that were drawn last week.
    He smokes 1 pack per day. He is currently on Lisinopril 20 mg po daily. He is
    allergic to penicillin. Fasting lipid profile shows total cholesterol 266, LDL
    cholesterol 180, HDL cholesterol 40, and Triglycerides 185. What treatment plan
    would you implement for Monty’s lipid profile? What is the goal Total Cholesterol
    (TC), HDL-C, and LDL-C level for Monty? How would you monitor the
    effectiveness of your treatment plan? How many risk factors for coronary artery
    disease does this patient have? Identify them specifically.
  3. Beatrice is a 17-year-old female diagnosed with mild persistent asthma since age
  4. During her visit today, she reports having to use her albuterol MDI 3 to 4 days
    per week over the past 2 months. Over the past week she has been using
    albuterol at least once per day. She reports being awakened by a cough three
    nights during the last month. She is becoming more short of breath with exercise.
    She also has a fluticasone MDI, which she uses “most days of the week.” Her
    current medications include: Flovent HFA 44 mcg, two puffs BID, Proventil HFA
    two puffs Q 4–6 H PRN shortness of breath, Yaz one PO daily, Propranolol 80
    mg PO BID. What treatment plan would you implement for this patient? What
    medication changes would you make? How would you monitor the effectiveness
    of this plan?
  5. Daute is a 56-year-old man seeking evaluation for increasing shortness of
    breath. He noticed difficulty catching his breath about 3 years ago. Physical
    activity increases his symptoms. He avoids activity as much as possible to
    prevent any SOB. His previous physician had placed him on
    salmeterol/fluticasone (Advair Diskus) one inhalation twice daily 2 years ago. He
    thinks his physician initiated the medication for the shortness of breath, but he is
    not entirely sure. He did not refill the prescription and has not been taking it.
    Pertinent history – Chronic bronchitis X 8 years with one exacerbation in last 12
    months of treatment with oral antibiotics. He has a 40-pack-year smoking history.
    What treatment plan would you implement for this patient? What medication(s)
    would you prescribe? How would you monitor the effectiveness of this plan?

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Sample Answer

 

 

 

1. Sara (Hypertension):

  • Goal Blood Pressure: Generally, less than 130/85 mmHg is the target for most adults without complications.
  • Medication Considerations: A healthcare professional would consider various factors before prescribing medication. Common first-line medications for hypertension include ACE inhibitors, ARBs, calcium channel blockers, or diuretics.
  • Education: Lifestyle changes like maintaining a healthy weight, reducing sodium intake, regular exercise, and stress management are crucial for managing blood pressure.

Full Answer Section

 

 

 

Monty (Dyslipidemia):

  • Goal Levels:
    • Total Cholesterol: Below 200 mg/dL
    • LDL-C: Below 100 mg/dL (may be lower based on risk factors)
    • HDL-C: Above 60 mg/dL (the higher, the better)
    • Triglycerides: Below 150 mg/dL
  • Treatment Plan:Options might include:
    • Lifestyle changes like smoking cessation, healthy diet, exercise, and weight management.
    • Statin medication to lower LDL-C.
  • Monitoring:Regular blood tests to track lipid levels and adjust treatment if necessary.
  • Coronary Artery Disease Risk Factors:Monty has several risk factors:
    • Smoking (major risk factor)
    • High LDL-C
    • High Triglycerides
    • Possible family history (unspecified)
  1. Beatrice (Asthma):
  • Treatment Plan:A healthcare provider would assess Beatrice’s asthma control and consider:
    • Increasing the dose or frequency of her inhaled corticosteroid (Flovent).
    • Adding a long-acting beta-agonist (LABA) medication like salmeterol to her regimen.
    • Reviewing inhaler technique to ensure proper medication delivery.
    • Addressing potential triggers for her asthma like allergies or environmental irritants.
  • Medication Changes:A healthcare professional would determine any dosage or medication adjustments.
  • Monitoring Effectiveness:Tracking symptoms, peak flow meter readings (if applicable), and the need for rescue inhaler use.
  1. Daute (Chronic Bronchitis):
  • Treatment Plan:A healthcare professional might recommend:
    • Inhaled corticosteroids like fluticasone to reduce airway inflammation.
    • Long-acting bronchodilators like salmeterol to improve airflow.
    • Smoking cessation counseling and support.
    • Vaccination against influenza and pneumonia to minimize respiratory infections.
  • Medications:Specific medications would be prescribed by a healthcare provider based on Daute’s assessment.
  • Monitoring Effectiveness:Tracking symptoms like shortness of breath, sputum production, and the need for rescue inhalers. Monitoring lung function tests might also be done.

Important Note:

Remember, this information is for general knowledge only. Please consult a licensed physician for diagnosis, treatment plans, and medication recommendations specific to each patient’s condition and medical history.

 

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