Select two of the unit student learning outcome (USLO) prompts below to respond to in this week's reflection.
Differentiate the major functions of blood.
Differentiate the structure and functions of plasma and formed elements.
Recognize the process of hematopoiesis.
Recognize the structure and function of erythrocytes.
Identify ABO and Rh blood groups.
Differentiate between the five classes of leukocytes.
Identify the steps of hemostasis (blood clotting) and clot regulation.
Differentiate four homeostatic imbalances of blood and explain what is occurring from a physiological perspective.
Full Answer Section
- Regulation: Blood plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis (internal balance) within the body. It helps regulate body temperature by absorbing and distributing heat. Additionally, blood carries hormones produced by various glands, influencing different bodily functions.
- Protection: Blood is involved in several protective mechanisms. White blood cells are part of the immune system, defending against pathogens (bacteria, viruses) that invade the body. Blood also plays a role in blood clotting, which prevents excessive bleeding after an injury.
- Maintenance of Blood pH: Blood acts as a buffer, helping to maintain a healthy blood pH level (slightly alkaline) within a narrow range. This optimal pH is crucial for various biochemical reactions to occur efficiently within cells.
- Differentiate Between the Structure and Functions of Plasma and Formed Elements
Blood is a mixture of two main components: plasma and formed elements.
- Plasma: This is the liquid portion of blood, accounting for roughly 55% of its volume. Plasma is a straw-colored fluid composed primarily of water (around 90%) and dissolved solutes like proteins (albumin, globulins), electrolytes (sodium, potassium, calcium), nutrients (glucose), and waste products (urea). Plasma functions include transporting various substances throughout the body, maintaining blood volume, and contributing to blood clotting.
- Formed Elements: These are the solid components of blood, suspended within the plasma and making up approximately 45% of the total volume. Formed elements consist of three main types:
- Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes): These are the most abundant formed elements, responsible for transporting oxygen throughout the body. They contain hemoglobin, a protein that binds to oxygen molecules.
- White Blood Cells (Leukocytes): These are part of the immune system and defend the body against pathogens. There are several types of white blood cells, each with specific functions.
- Platelets (Thrombocytes): These are small, cell fragments involved in blood clotting and preventing excessive bleeding after an injury.
Understanding the composition and functions of plasma and formed elements is crucial for appreciating the vital role blood plays in maintaining overall health and body functions.
Sample Answer
USLO Prompt Responses for Blood Unit Reflection
1. Differentiate the Major Functions of Blood
Blood is a complex fluid that serves several vital functions within the human body. Here are some of its major functions:
- Transportation: Blood acts as a transport system, carrying essential elements throughout the body. It delivers oxygen and nutrients (glucose, amino acids, fatty acids) to cells and tissues while transporting waste products (carbon dioxide, urea) to organs like the lungs and kidneys for removal.