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20th Century China vs. Today:

• 20th Century: Characterized by significant turmoil. The Chinese Civil War (1927-1949) ravaged the country. The Great Leap Forward (1958-1962) and the Cultural Revolution (1966-1976) resulted in widespread famine and social unrest.
• Today: Compared to the 20th century, China is considerably more stable. The economic reforms initiated by Deng Xiaoping in the late 1970s led to rapid economic growth, improving living standards for many. However, concerns exist regarding the government’s tightening control over information and potential social unrest due to income inequality.

Pinker’s Thesis on Violence:

Steven Pinker, a cognitive scientist, argues in his book “The Better Angels of Our Nature” that violence has significantly declined throughout history. War, homicide rates, and other forms of violence have shown a downward trend over centuries.

Pinker’s Reasons for Decline in Violence:

• The rise of the state: Strong central governments have reduced inter-group warfare and created more peaceful societies.
• The decline of social norms of violence: Honor killings, dueling, and other forms of violence have become less socially acceptable.
• The rise of commerce and trade: Interdependence fostered by trade creates incentives for peaceful resolution of conflicts.
• The development of human rights: Increased awareness of human rights fosters a culture of non-violence.

It’s important to note that Pinker’s thesis is not without its critics. Some argue that his focus on long-term trends overlooks current violence and regional instability.