Full Answer Section

Differences:

• Diverticulosis is asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic, while diverticulitis is acute and painful.
• Diverticulosis doesn’t cause inflammation or infection, while diverticulitis does.

2. Clinical Findings Supporting Acute Diverticulitis:

• LLQ abdominal pain
• Constipation
• Nausea and vomiting
• Low-grade fever
• Signs of dehydration
• Distended abdomen with hypoactive bowel sounds
• Tenderness on palpation in LLQ
• Positive occult blood test (indicating possible bleeding)
• Ileus pattern on X-ray

3. Risk Factors for Acute Diverticulitis:

1. Low fiber diet: Fiber helps bulk up stool and reduce pressure in the colon, lowering the risk of diverticula formation and subsequent inflammation.
2. Age: Risk increases significantly after 50 years old.
3. Obesity: Puts additional pressure on the colon and increases risk of diverticula formation.
4. Smoking: Damages blood vessels and tissues, hindering healing and increasing risk of complications.
5. Antibiotics: Certain antibiotics may alter gut microbiota, potentially impacting diverticulosis and inflammation.
6. Lack of physical activity: Sedentary lifestyle may contribute to constipation and increased pressure in the colon.

4. Rationale for Antibiotics and IV Fluids:

Antibiotics:

• Target potential bacterial infection within the inflamed diverticula.
• Aim to prevent further infection and promote healing.
• Specific choice of antibiotics depends on individual factors and local resistance patterns.

IV Fluids:

• Address dehydration caused by vomiting and lack of oral intake.
• Maintain blood pressure and ensure adequate circulation.
• Support healing and recovery by providing necessary hydration.

Additional Notes:

• In this case, the CT scan did not show an abscess, suggesting uncomplicated diverticulitis, managed with conservative treatment (antibiotics and fluids).
• For complicated cases with abscesses or other issues, additional interventions like drainage or surgery might be necessary.