One of the ambitious goals for Healthy People 2020, a U.S. government program, is to increase abstinence from drinking, smoking, and using illicit drugs among pregnant women (Office of Disease Prevention and Promotion, 2016). To achieve these goals, future parents need to be educated on the dangers of substance use during pregnancy. Select one risk factor (for example, alcohol, cigarette smoking, etc.) and write a short paragraph on the nature of the risk factor and the potential problems it can cause in the prenatal period and in later development. If you are interested in a factor that isn’t discussed in this chapter, look up some information from an authoritative source, such as the review paper by Ross et al. (2015), the NIDA (2016) website, and online publications on prenatal development from the CDC and the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development.