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Health has been historically defined through negation and the absence of disease

Respond to this paragraph with a substantive response. Substantive means that you expand on the paragraph, add an additional point or pose a question, and include a citation to support your view.

Health has been historically defined through negation and the absence of disease, which when creating theories and concepts can be of benefit as they are easy to operationalize and measure. Nursing’s goal is to help facilitate a client’s achievement away from the illness end of the health-illness continuum but is removing millions of Americans who have a chronic disease. Pender (2013) proposed a system of five dimensions to classify expressions of health in a promotional aspect and how combining objective and subjective data can redefine how health is defined in our modern world. The five dimensions Pender (2013) discussed are affect, attitudes, activity, aspirations, and accomplishments which should be evaluated in terms of daily fluctuations in addition to evolving patterns over time. Affect is defined as “emotions and feelings as subjectively experienced” and contains concepts like serenity, harmony, vitality, and sensitivity to dictate the person’s overall health and well-being (Pender, 2013, p. 147). Attitudes reflect the emotions in affect but can be applied to their current and/or future situations with concepts relating to optimism, relevancy, and competency (Pender, 2013). Activity is defined in terms of work and play where an individual learns to cultivate a balanced lifestyle to increase health promotion through the concept of invigorating play, meaningful work, and positive life patterns (Pender, 2013). Aspirations allow for the person to excel in their life based on their interests and utilize concepts of self-actualization and social contribution to discuss how individuals have a choice in all actions which can have a negative or positive impact on their health (Pender, 2013). Accomplishments are the personal feelings of fulfillment and can be viewed as daily achievements, life attainments, or states experienced after death utilizing concepts of enjoyment, creativity, and transcendence to further discuss the relation to health (Pender, 2013). The definition of health should be re-focused to understand the individual’s perception of their health in terms of emotion in addition to objective data to add support for health promotion theories.

Sample Answer

Substantive Response to the Paragraph

Expansion

The paragraph you provided provides a good overview of Pender’s (2013) five-dimensional model of health promotion, which emphasizes the importance of both subjective and objective data in defining health. I would like to expand on the paragraph by discussing how this model can be used to guide nursing practice.

First, it is important to note that Pender’s model is holistic in nature. It recognizes that health is not simply the absence of disease, but rather a state of well-being that encompasses all aspects of a person’s life, including their physical, mental, emotional, and social health.

Full Answer Section

As nurses, we can use Pender’s model to assess our clients’ health in a more comprehensive way. We can go beyond simply gathering objective data, such as vital signs and laboratory results, to also explore our clients’ subjective experiences of health. This can be done through open-ended questioning, such as “How would you describe your overall health?” and “What are some of the things that are most important to you in terms of your health?”

Once we have a better understanding of our clients’ subjective experiences of health, we can begin to develop interventions that are tailored to their individual needs. For example, if a client is struggling with depression, we can help them to develop coping mechanisms and strategies for improving their mood. Or, if a client is trying to lose weight, we can help them to develop a healthy eating plan and exercise routine.

Additional Point

In addition to using Pender’s model to guide our assessment and interventions, we can also use it to educate our clients about health promotion. We can help them to understand the different dimensions of health and how they can make choices that support their overall well-being.

For example, we can teach our clients about the importance of getting regular exercise, eating a healthy diet, and getting enough sleep. We can also teach them about stress management techniques and how to build strong social support networks.

Question

One question that I have about Pender’s model is how it can be used to address health disparities. As we know, certain groups of people are more likely to experience health problems than others. For example, people of color and people from low-income backgrounds are more likely to have chronic diseases and experience premature death.

I wonder how Pender’s model can be used to help us to reduce these health disparities. For example, how can we use the model to develop interventions that are effective for all populations, regardless of their race, ethnicity, or socioeconomic status?

Citation

Pender, N. J. (2013). Health promotion in nursing practice (5th ed.). Pearson Education.

Conclusion

Pender’s five-dimensional model of health promotion is a valuable tool for nurses. It can help us to assess our clients’ health in a more comprehensive way, develop tailored interventions, and educate our clients about health promotion. I believe that this model can also be used to address health disparities, but more research is needed to determine how this can be done most effectively.

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Health has been historically defined through negation and the absence of disease

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