Framing processes and social movements. Annual Review of Sociology

Questions

1. Define “framing.”
2. “From this perspective, social movements are not viewed merely as carriers of extant ideas and meanings that grow automatically out of structural arrangements, unanticipated events, or existing ideologies. Rather, movement actors are viewed as signifying agents actively engaged in the production and maintenance of meaning for constituents, antagonists, and bystanders or observers.” (p. 613). Explain what this means and include an example from a recent social movement.
3. Describe the core and variable features of collective action frames.
4. Describe the process of frame diffusion.