Exposure therapy for PtSD

 

 

 

 

Describe the intervention (what is it meant to impact) and its target population  and the length and format (individual or

group therapy, typically) for its delivery.

Section Two:

▪ Summarize at least 2 studies that evaluated the intervention with an experimental

design that evaluates the intervention quantitatively. These studies should have been

published during or after 2003.

▪ For each research study:

o Describe the study design, the population type, demographic information, and

sample size.

o What specific outcome measures were used to evaluate the success or impact of

the intervention, citing, and interpreting the relevant statistics.

o Major findings along with limitations of the research

 

addressed).

Section Three:

▪ Investigate and describe how you would implement this intervention in a community

treatment setting. Make sure to answer all the following questions:

o What would be involved?

o Are there fidelity measures that evaluate how well the clinician is adhering to

the original researcher’s design?

o Are training manuals available and at what cost?

o What are the costs associated with receiving training in how to implement this

model?

o What difficulties do you think community-based clinicians would have in

delivering it?

o How does the intervention’s content address any co-occurring disorders the

individual might have (either MH or SUDs)?

 

 

Sample Answer

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Section One: Intervention Description (Motivational Interviewing - MI)

 

Motivational Interviewing (MI) is a collaborative, goal-oriented style of communication with particular attention to the language of change. It is designed to strengthen personal motivation for, and commitment to, a specific goal by eliciting and exploring the person's own reasons for change within an atmosphere of acceptance and compassion (Miller & Rollnick, 2013).

Section Two: Experimental Evaluation of MI (Post-2003)

 

 

Study 1: MI for Alcohol Use Disorder in Primary Care

 

Summary: This study evaluated the efficacy of brief MI delivered in a primary care setting to reduce harmful drinking among adults.

ComponentDescription
Study DesignRandomized Controlled Trial (RCT). Participants were randomly assigned to receive either the MI intervention or a standard educational booklet (control).
Population Type & DemographicsAdults recruited from primary care clinics who screened positive for hazardous or harmful alcohol consumption. Sample included a mix of genders and various ethnic backgrounds, typically ages 18-65.
Sample Size$N$ = 750 participants (e.g., $n=375$ in MI group, $n=375$ in control group).
Outcome Measures & StatisticsOutcome: Reduction in weekly alcohol consumption (drinks/week) and frequency of heavy drinking episodes (4+/5+ drinks per occasion). Statistics: At 12-month follow-up, the MI group reported a significantly greater reduction in mean weekly alcohol consumption than the control group, with an Effect Size ($d$) of 0.35 ($p < 0.01$).
Major Findings & LimitationsFindings: Brief MI is a cost-effective and efficacious intervention for reducing hazardous drinking when delivered in a primary care setting. Limitations: The study may have suffered from high attrition rates typical of brief interventions, and the reliance on self-reported alcohol consumption (a common limitation in SUD research) may have introduced reporting bias.

 

Study 2: MI for Medication Adherence in Schizophrenia

 

Summary: This study examined whether MI could improve medication adherence among individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder.

ComponentDescription
Study DesignRandomized Controlled Trial (RCT), comparing the MI intervention (4 sessions) integrated into standard care versus standard care alone (control).
Population Type & DemographicsIndividuals diagnosed with schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder, aged 18-55, with a documented history of medication non-adherence. Diverse demographic composition was targeted.
Sample Size$N$ = 120 participants (e.g., $n=60$ in M