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1. Recognize and analyze effects of that early experiences with adversity can have on children’s behaviors and relationships.
2. Recognize and examine the ways that trauma is often passed down from generation to generation.
3. Identify and examine the intervention strategies that address developmental trauma.
Adversity in early life profoundly impacts a child's development, leading to disruptions in behavior, relationships, and even subsequent generations. Interventions must be trauma-informed to promote healing and resilience.
Early experiences of adversity, known as Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs), alter a child's neurobiological architecture, leading to chronic activation of the stress response system (HPA axis).
Emotional Dysregulation: Children struggle to manage intense feelings due to impaired development of the prefrontal cortex. This manifests as frequent emotional outbursts, rapid mood shifts (lability), or difficulty self-soothing when frustrated.
Hyperarousal and Vigilance: The nervous system remains in a chronic state of "fight, flight, or freeze." Behaviors may include impulsivity, hyperactivity, difficulty concentrating, or being overly reactive to sudden sounds or movements. These behaviors are often survival strategies, not willful defiance.
Cognitive Impairment: Chronic stress interferes with executive functions, impacting memory, planning, and academic performance.
Attachment Issues: Trauma within primary relationships creates a deep-seated belief that caregivers and the world are unsafe. Children may exhibit disorganized attachment, showing contradictory behavior (e.g., seeking comfort from a parent while simultaneously pushing them away), or avoidant attachment, rejecting closeness to protect themselves from anticipated rejection.
Difficulty with Trust: They often struggle to form secure attachments with peers or new adults, leading to frequent interpersonal conflicts and difficulty reading social cues accurately, often perceiving neutral interactions as threatening.
Boundary Issues: They may exhibit extremes—either completely failing to assert personal boundaries (vulnerability to victimization) or maintaining rigid, isolating walls (fear of vulnerability).