Methodology
A secondary method of data collection has been used in the study. The research focuses on economic causes and effects of overweight health issue with an emphasis on government responsibility in developing prevention policies (Daniels & Hassink, 2015). Emphasis will be on reviewing the policies that have been designed by the government over the years and how they have played a role in reducing the obesity problem among children (Greco, 2008). The federal government through USDA has developed nutritional standards guidelines that aim at addressing the obesity prevalence in schools (Blüher et al., 2016). The USDA updated the dietary standard guidelines in 2010 requiring schools to offer meals with more fruits, vegetables, grains, fat-free milk, and saturated fats (French & Story, 2016).
According to Moran, Rimm & Taveras (2017), some of the factors that have led to a high level of obesity in children include biological/hereditary, socioeconomic, lifestyle, and nutritional factors. The study shows that children and adolescents from low and middle-income families have the highest obesity prevalence (Foster et al., 2008).
Research about obesity invention among U.S minority children was carried out and posted under the different journals and the following meta-analysis was extracted:
Journal Purpose Methods Result Conclusion
PLOS|ONE journal Effectiveness of interventions for childhood obesity. Search was conducted using CINAHL, EMBASE, Ovid MEDLINE to retrieve data. 14 out of 14 studies were RCTs and one was quasi-experimental study. Behavioral and lifestyle strategies to be used to curb obesity (Cheung et al., 2016).
Childhood Obesity Age bracket affected by obesity Search from PubMed, Experta Medica database. Median obesity incidences; 4%, 3,2% and 1.8% for 2-4.9 yrs., 5-12.9 yrs. and 13-18 yrs. respectively (Peirson et al., 2015). Childhood obesity prevention effort to target to ages before obesity onset (Langford et al., 2015).
Adolescent Health To quantitively evaluate the efficacy of interventions to control obesity 40 intervention trials involving 10,725 aged 6-19 were examined More components showed a higher mean effect than those with fewer components (Overby et al., 2018). Parental involvement, lifestyle change, cultural adaptation seems to show promise in reducing obesity (Ickovics et al., 2019).
Results
The studies from the meta-analysis and other secondary sources generally found out that in learning institutions where enhanced nutritional programs were supported, children had healthier Body Mass Index (BMI). During the period of study time, there was reported improved eating behaviors in adolescents whose schools supported nutritional programs compared to those who do not support nutritional programs and policies. The research on physical activity implementation in schools found that programs had insignificance or no impact on BMI (Clark & Fox, 2009). National data trends indicate that children of Latino and African-American descents are prone to becoming obese as compared to the non-Hispanic whites and Asians.
The findings from the surveys also indicated that principals from both rural and urban schools agreed that childhood obesity is a predicament for school children. The principals also settled that schools were being targeted more as a control center for disorders that mainly originated from the community (French & Story, 2016). Schools are not to be targeted for overweight problems of adolescents while there are no rules to healthy balanced diet at home. The adolescent obesity was not the schools’ fault, and thus the government should deal with obesity even at the community level the same way it did in schools.
Notes
In the table list the authors,
When you add the journal put the entire citations
Have titles (Journal, author, title of the paper)
How are the studies found for the secondary method: add the key words I searched, part of the methodology?
Results part should have the discussions of the methodology.