Down Syndrome

Full Answer Section

• Characteristic physical features: People with Down syndrome often have certain physical features, such as a low muscle tone, a single crease across the palm of the hand, and a flat nasal bridge.
• Congenital heart defects: About half of all babies with Down syndrome are born with heart defects.
• Developmental delays: People with Down syndrome typically experience developmental delays in all areas, including language, motor skills, and cognitive development.
• Learning disabilities: People with Down syndrome often have learning disabilities, which can make it difficult for them to learn and perform in school.
• Speech therapy: Speech therapy can help people with Down syndrome to develop their language and communication skills.
• Occupational therapy: Occupational therapy can help people with Down syndrome to develop their fine motor skills and to learn activities of daily living.
• Physical therapy: Physical therapy can help people with Down syndrome to develop their gross motor skills and to improve their balance and coordination.
• Inclusion: Inclusion is the practice of including people with disabilities in all aspects of society, including education, employment, and social activities.
• Self-advocacy: Self-advocacy is the process of speaking up for oneself and one's rights.
• Quality of life: People with Down syndrome can live long and fulfilling lives. With the right support, they can achieve their goals and dreams.

Here are some additional terms that may be helpful to know:

• Mosaic Down syndrome: A type of Down syndrome in which only some of the cells in the body have an extra copy of chromosome 21.
• Translocation Down syndrome: A type of Down syndrome in which an extra copy of chromosome 21 is attached to another chromosome.
• Down syndrome screening: Tests that are offered to pregnant women to assess their risk of having a baby with Down syndrome.
• Down syndrome diagnosis: Tests that are used to confirm the diagnosis of Down syndrome in a baby or child.
• Down syndrome research: Research that is focused on understanding the causes and treatments of Down syndrome, as well as improving the quality of life for people with Down syndrome and their families.

Sample Answer

• Down syndrome: A genetic condition caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21. It is the most common genetic cause of intellectual disability.
• Trisomy 21: The presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21, which is the genetic cause of Down syndrome.
• Intellectual disability: A condition characterized by significant limitations in both intellectual and adaptive functioning.
• Adaptive functioning: The skills necessary for everyday living, such as self-care, communication, and social interaction.