Discussing protocols and their importance to cryptography

Question 1: Discuss protocols, what they are, how they work, their importance to the science of cryptography and different levels and types (hint: four primary levels and three types covered in the assigned readings and teaching module). Include the uses of protocols in daily life (link the type with the use) and examples of specific protocols.
Question 2: Provide a detailed explanation of the technical aspects of the ENIGMA machine, the historical developments of the machine, the players involved in its development, the players involved in breaking its code, and the impact it had on the advancement of cryptography.
Question 3: Outline the major achievements to include the inventors/analysts and their discoveries as outlined in our class discussion and reading of The Mechanization of Secrecy (Chapter Three in The Code Book). This chapter is specific to the first technological breakthrough(s) of cryptography — focus on the breakthroughs and the impact of these achievements.
Question 4: Discuss the technical aspects of a Random Number generator and Pseudo-Random Number generator to include their appropriate applications (remember class discussion and graph), their respective characteristics, how they work and generate numbers, and their importance to the science of cryptography.