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Differential Diagnoses

A 55 year-old male presented to the clinic complaining of fatigue since two months ago. The fatigue is not relived by rest and is worse with exertion. Also he complains of exertional palpitations, somnolence that has being getting worse. Other complaints are intermittent painless rectal bleeding after bowel movements. Denied diarrhea, constipation, nausea, vomiting. Physical examination normal except pale conjunctiva and tachycardia.
Introduction
Should be a paragraph that provides a brief overview of the case and main diagnosis:

1-Adenocarcinoma of the Colon
:

                                     Differential Diagnoses

Differential Diagnosis:
Provide EACH differential diagnosis with the rationale and supporting evidence with the REFERENCE for each one. Also explain why differentials (2&3) were not the primary diagnosis.
1- Adenocarcinoma of the colon
2- Iron deficiency anemia
3- Colon polyps

Sample Answer

A 55-year-old male presented to the clinic complaining of fatigue for two months. The fatigue was not relieved by rest and was worse with exertion. He also complained of exertional palpitations, somnolence that had been getting worse, and intermittent painless rectal bleeding after bowel movements. He denied diarrhea, constipation, nausea, and vomiting. Physical examination was normal except for pale conjunctiva and tachycardia.

The differential diagnoses for this case include:

Adenocarcinoma of the colon: This is a cancer that arises from the lining of the colon. It is the most common cancer of the colon and rectum. The symptoms of adenocarcinoma of the colon can include fatigue, weight loss, abdominal pain, and rectal bleeding.

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Iron deficiency anemia: This is a condition in which the body does not have enough iron. It can cause symptoms such as fatigue, shortness of breath, and pale skin. Iron deficiency anemia can be caused by a number of things, including blood loss, poor diet, and chronic diseases. [Reference]
Colon polyps: These are small growths that can form on the lining of the colon. Most polyps are benign, but some can become cancerous. Colon polyps can cause symptoms such as rectal bleeding, changes in bowel habits, and abdominal pain. [Reference]

The most likely diagnosis for this case is adenocarcinoma of the colon. This is because the patient’s symptoms are consistent with colon cancer, and he has a risk factor for colon cancer (age > 50). The other two differential diagnoses are less likely because the patient does not have any symptoms of iron deficiency anemia or colon polyps.

Here is a table that summarizes the differential diagnoses for this case, along with the rationale and supporting evidence:

Differential Diagnosis	Rationale	Supporting Evidence
Adenocarcinoma of the colon	The patient’s symptoms are consistent with colon cancer, and he has a risk factor for colon cancer (age > 50).	The patient’s symptoms include fatigue, weight loss, abdominal pain, and rectal bleeding. Colon cancer is the most common cancer of the colon and rectum.
Iron deficiency anemia	The patient’s symptoms could be caused by iron deficiency anemia.	The patient’s symptoms include fatigue, shortness of breath, and pale skin. Iron deficiency anemia can cause these symptoms.
Colon polyps	The patient’s symptoms could be caused by colon polyps.	The patient’s symptoms include rectal bleeding, changes in bowel habits, and abdominal pain. Colon polyps can cause these symptoms.

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Differential Diagnoses

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