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Dangerous Linux command.

Describe how the dd command is used in the lab and why dd is a dangerous Linux command. In addition list and describe two other dangerous linux commands.
List and discuss two common SSH security risks. Describe how you would avoid and mitigate each of these risks.
What do the events information, audit success, audit failure, warning, and error mean in the context of windows logs. List and describe any two event codes that you would monitor for Windows security logs and why?
Research iptables firewall rules and write and describe a rule that would drop all SSH connections from a specific IP address.
Write an iptables firewall rule that will allow established and related incoming traffic. Describe what this rule does and why it is not considered a security risk.
why is only port 80 open on 192.168.1.30. What iptables rule would open 192.168.1.30 for http, https, and ssh connections?

Full Answer Section

Other dangerous Linux commands:

rm -rf: This command forcefully deletes files and directories recursively. A single typo in the path can lead to unintended deletion of critical system files.
mount: This command mounts a filesystem. Incorrect usage can lead to mounting the wrong filesystem or even corrupting existing data.

3. Common SSH security risks:

Weak passwords: Using weak or easily guessable passwords for SSH access is a major security risk, making it easier for attackers to gain unauthorized access.
Unpatched systems: Failing to keep the SSH server and system software updated with the latest security patches leaves vulnerabilities that attackers can exploit.

4. Mitigating SSH security risks:

Use strong passwords and consider two-factor authentication (2FA): This adds an extra layer of security beyond just the password.
Enable SSH key-based authentication: This method uses cryptographic keys instead of passwords, offering a more secure alternative.
Keep SSH servers and systems updated with the latest security patches: This helps address known vulnerabilities and minimize the attack surface.

5. Windows event log information:

Event Information: Provides general informational messages about system events.
Audit Success: Indicates a successful attempt to access a resource or perform an action.
Audit Failure: Indicates an unsuccessful attempt to access a resource or perform an action, potentially due to security settings.
Warning: Indicates a potential problem or unexpected condition that requires attention.
Error: Indicates a critical issue that requires immediate attention, potentially impacting system functionality.

6. Event codes for monitoring:

Event ID 4624: Indicates a successful logon attempt. Monitoring this event helps identify unusual login activity and potential unauthorized access attempts.
Event ID 4721: Indicates an unauthorized attempt to log on to a system. Monitoring this event helps detect and respond to potential brute-force attacks or other login attempts.

7. iptables rule to drop SSH connections from a specific IP:

iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -s <specific_ip_address> -j DROP

This rule:

-A INPUT: Adds the rule to the INPUT chain, which applies to incoming traffic.
-p tcp: Specifies the protocol as TCP, which is used by SSH.
--dport 22: Matches traffic on port 22, the default port for SSH.
-s <specific_ip_address>: Specifies the source IP address to block.
-j DROP: Instructs the firewall to drop the matching packets, effectively blocking SSH connections from that specific IP.

Sample Answer

. dd command and its dangers:

The dd command in Linux is a powerful tool used to copy and convert data. However, it's considered dangerous because of its destructive nature:

Overwriting data: It directly writes data to the specified destination without confirmation, potentially overwriting existing files or entire partitions irreversibly.
Syntax complexity: Minor mistakes in the command syntax, like typos or incorrect arguments, can lead to disastrous consequences due to its direct and non-interactive nature.