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Describe some of the common physical and mental health issue that individuals of African descent face in America. What factors might contribute to the underutilization of mental health services among African Americans? What can be done at local, state and federal levels to advocate for change?
Individuals of African descent in America face a disproportionate burden of certain physical and mental health issues, often linked to systemic factors.
Common physical health issues include hypertension (high blood pressure), which is more prevalent and severe in African Americans, and diabetes. There's also a higher incidence of obesity, and a higher mortality rate from heart disease and stroke. African Americans also have a higher rate of sickle cell anemia due to a genetic predisposition. These disparities are often rooted in a complex interplay of genetics, environmental factors, and socioeconomic conditions.
While African Americans have lower rates of some mental health conditions compared to the general population, they are more likely to experience more severe or persistent symptoms. This is often due to a lack of access to care and a late diagnosis. Common mental health issues include a higher risk of major depressive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and a higher prevalence of psychological distress related to the experience of racism and discrimination.
Several factors contribute to the underutilization of mental health services among African Americans:
Stigma: There's a strong cultural stigma associated with mental illness. Seeking help is sometimes viewed as a sign of weakness or a failure of one's faith, leading people to rely on family, community, or religious leaders for support rather than professional help.
Lack of culturally competent providers: Many African Americans find it difficult to find a mental health professional who understands their cultural context, experiences with racism, or unique social challenges. This can make the therapeutic relationship difficult to establish and can lead to a feeling of being misunderstood.
Socioeconomic barriers: The cost of therapy, lack of health insurance, and limited access to clinics in their neighborhoods are significant barriers. Many mental health clinics are located in predominantly white or affluent areas, making them physically and financially inaccessible.
Mistrust of the healthcare system: A long history of medical exploitation and a feeling of being mistreated or dismissed by healthcare professionals has led to a deep-seated mistrust of the medical system among many African Americans.