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• 1960s-1970s: This wave, fleeing the Cuban Revolution, might have limited English and face financial difficulties. They may prioritize establishing themselves financially and have anxieties about navigating a new healthcare system.
• Post-1980s: This group, including the “Marielitos,” may have lower socioeconomic status and less education. They might have higher rates of chronic health issues and limited access to preventative care. Additionally, some Marielitos faced stigma due to their criminal background.

Culturally-Specific Care for Amish Patients

Here’s what a nurse can do to make a hospital stay more comfortable for an Amish client:

• Respect for dress code: Allow the patient to wear their traditional clothing if possible.
• Dietary restrictions: Accommodate their dietary needs, which may exclude processed foods, certain meats, and modern conveniences like microwaves.
• Religious beliefs: Be mindful of religious restrictions on blood transfusions or certain medications. Discuss options beforehand.
• Limited technology: Some Amish communities may avoid technology. Offer alternative communication methods like written notes or phone calls with family members present.
• Privacy and community: Respect the importance of family and community. Allow family members to be present during examinations and provide updates directly to them.

Etiological Reasons for Alcoholism in Irish-American Families

There are two main etiological reasons (causal factors) for alcoholism in Irish-American families:

• Genetic Predisposition: Research suggests some Irish populations may have a genetic predisposition to alcoholism due to variations in genes related to alcohol metabolism.
• Cultural Factors: Irish culture has a complex relationship with alcohol. Historical factors like the Great Famine may have led to a reliance on alcohol for coping. Social pressures and celebrations often involve heavy drinking, potentially influencing learned behaviors across generations.

It’s important to note: These are just two factors, and alcoholism is a complex disease with various contributing elements.