BUS228 SUMMER 2020
FINAL EXAM
- The payback period is best defined as:
a. the time it takes to receive cash flows sufficient to cover your initial investment
b. the time period required for total revenue received to equal the initial investment
c. the time period required for the present value of all cash flows to equal the initial
investment
d. the time period required for the NPV to equal zero - Calculate the payback period for the following investment: A machine costs $100,000
with installation costs of $15,000. Cash inflows are expected to be 26,000 per year for
the next seven years.
a. greater than 6 years
b. 3.85 years
c. 5 years
d. 4.42 years - Given the following information, calculate the net present value:
Initial outlay is $50,000; required rate of return is 10%; current prime rate is 12%; and
cash inflows at the end of the next 4 years are $60,000, $30,000, $40,000, and $50,000.
a. $87,734
b. $93,542
c. equal to 0
d. less than 0 - Calculate the IRR for the following investment project:
Initial investment is $75,000; inflows are $20,000 for the next five years;
Required rate of return is 15%. (Round your answer to the nearest whole percentage)
a. 10%
b. 12%
c. 14%
d. 9% - If the NPV of a project is $500 and the required rate of return is 8%, the IRR must be:
a. >8%
b. =8%
c. <8%
d. none of the above is necessarily true - Given the following information, calculate NPV: Initial investment is $50,000; inflows
at the end of the next four years are $12,000, $4,000, $12,000, $13,000; and the required
rate of return is 8%.
a. -$10,427
b. -$12,442
c. $83,622
d. -$16,378 - Find the IRR for the following project: Outflow is $200,000; required rate of return is
18%; inflows are $50,000, $70,000, $80,000, and $100,000 respectively at the end of
each year for the next four years.
a. 12%
b. 13.7%
c. 16.4%
d. 30% - A project has an initial cost of $50,000. The incremental inflows associated with the
project are $20,000 in year one, $15,000 in years two and three, and $10,000 in year four.
All cash inflows are at the end of the year. The appropriate discount rate for this project
is 11%.
What is the project’s payback?
a. 2.5 years
b. 3.0 years
c. 3.5 years
d. 4.0 years - All but which of the following are factors affecting the maximum cash balances desired
by a firm?
a. the expected return from investment opportunities
b. the transaction costs of making investments
c. how quickly and cheaply a firm can raise cash when needed
d. the availability of investment opportunities - Which of the following best describes marketable securities used as an alternative to cash
holdings?
a. high risk, high yield
b. long-term investments
c. short-term investments
d. fixed assets - Use the following information to answer the question:
Target cash balance is $4,000
Maximum cash balance is $19,000
The lower cash limit is $1,000
If the firm with the above figures reaches a cash position of $19,000 at the end of its cash
budgeting period, how many dollars’ worth of securities should it purchase to get to its
target balance?
a. $19,000
b. $18,000
c. $15,000
d. $ 4,000 - Which of the following is the most liquid of a firm’s assets?
a. cash
b. Treasury bills
c. accounts receivable
d. inventory - The financial manager uses a cash budget to estimate:
a. the amounts and timing of cash inflows and outflows
b. the amount of inventory needed
c. the amount of purchases needed
d. the amount of funds available for short-term investment opportunities - In a cash budget, assuming no minimum balance required, the ending cash balance is
found by:
a. cash inflows - cash outflows
b. beginning cash flow + ending cash flow
c. beginning cash balance + (cash inflows - cash disbursements)
d. beginning cash balance - (cash inflows - cash outflows) - Use the following information to answer the question:
Cash inflows $20,000
Beginning cash balance ($5,000)
Minimum cash balance $3,000
Ending cash balance $9,000
Calculate the amount of the firm’s cash outflows:
a. $ 4,000
b. $ 6,000
c. $22,000
a. $15,000 - Use the following information to answer the question:
Net cash flows $25,000
Target minimum cash balance $5,000
Ending cash balance $30,000
Calculate the firm’s beginning cash balance:
a. $0
b. $50,000
c. $10,000
d. $5,000 - Which of the following would not appear in a cash budget?
a. payments for fixed asset purchases
b. dividends paid
c. sales
d. payments for labor - Zeus, Inc. has 30% of its sales in receivables that are collected in the month of sale and
the remaining 70% of sales result in receivables collected in the month after the sale.
Zeus’ purchases are made and paid for in the month of sales and are 50% of sales. Sales
are projected as follows: August -- $14,000; September -- $20,000; October -- $18,000.
Calculate the net cash flows for the month of October:
a. ($3,600)
b. $5,000
c. $10,400
d. $10,000 - Accounts receivable and inventory:
a. tie up funds but earn money market interest rates
b. have opportunity costs and decrease firm value
c. can not be bought and sold
d. tie up funds, have opportunity costs, and may add to the firm’s long-term value - With respect to deciding upon the optimal accounts receivable levels which of the
following would not impact your decision?
a. bad debts that may arise when extending trade credit
b. opportunity costs from foregone investments when funds are tied up in
accounts receivable
c. sales that increase when new products are offered
d. sales increases expected when trade credit is extended to customers - A firm’s policy for offering credit to its customers includes:
a. credit terms and credit standards
b. factoring
c. the interest earned on investments in accounts receivable
d. management of accounts payable
Use the following information to answer questions 22 through 24.
A firm currently offers credit terms of 2/10, n/30. You want to change the credit policy
to 2/10, n/35. As a result of this change, sales are expected to rise by 15%; bad debts will
rise from 1% to 3% of sales. All sales are credit sales.
Currently 30% of customers pay off their accounts in 10 days with 69% paying in 30
days and 1% paying in 100 days. The change will not affect the 30% paying early but is
expected to increase the 1% late payers to 3%.
Assume: 365 day year
8% cost of capital
Operating expenses change as a percentage of sales
Taxes are at the 40% rate
Interest expense will drop by $1,000
Income Statement
Before credit change
Sales $200,000
COGS 120,000
Gross Profit 80,000
Bad debts expense 2,000
Operating expenses 40,000
EBIT 38,000
Interest expense 2,000
EBT 36,000
Taxes 14,400
Net Profit $ 21,600
Balance Sheet
Before change
Cash $30,000
Accounts Receivable 13,534
Inventory 25,600 - A firm currently offers credit terms of 2/10, n/30. You want to change the credit policy
to 2/10, n/35. As a result of this change, sales are expected to rise by 15%; bad debts will
rise from 1% to 3% of sales. All sales are credit sales.
Currently 30% of customers pay off their accounts in 10 days with 69% paying in 30
days and 1% paying in 100 days. The change will not affect the 30% paying early but is
expected to increase the 1% late payers to 3%.
Assume: 365 day year
8% cost of capital
Operating expenses change as a percentage of sales
Taxes are at the 40% rate
Interest expense will drop by $1,000
Income Statement
Before credit change
Sales $200,000
COGS 120,000
Gross Profit 80,000
Bad debts expense 2,000
Operating expenses 40,000
EBIT 38,000
Interest expense 2,000
EBT 36,000
Taxes 14,400
Net Profit $ 21,600
Balance Sheet
Before change
Cash $30,000
Accounts Receivable 13,534
Inventory 25,600
Calculate the change between the old and new accounts receivable collection period:
a. decreases by 4.75 days
b. increases by 1.4 days
c. decreases by 2 days
d. increases by 4.75 days - A firm currently offers credit terms of 2/10, n/30. You want to change the credit policy
to 2/10, n/35. As a result of this change, sales are expected to rise by 15%; bad debts will
rise from 1% to 3% of sales. All sales are credit sales.
Currently 30% of customers pay off their accounts in 10 days with 69% paying in 30
days and 1% paying in 100 days. The change will not affect the 30% paying early but is
expected to increase the 1% late payers to 3%.
Assume: 365 day year
8% cost of capital
Operating expenses change as a percentage of sales
Taxes are at the 40% rate
Interest expense will drop by $1,000
Income Statement
Before credit change
Sales $200,000
COGS 120,000
Gross Profit 80,000
Bad debts expense 2,000
Operating expenses 40,000
EBIT 38,000
Interest expense 2,000
EBT 36,000
Taxes 14,400
Net Profit $ 21,600
Balance Sheet
Before change
Cash $30,000
Accounts Receivable 13,534
Inventory 25,600
After the credit changes, the new net income is projected to be
a. $28,800
b. $26,000
c. $22,860
d. $26,460 - A firm currently offers credit terms of 2/10, n/30. You want to change the credit policy
to 2/10, n/35. As a result of this change, sales are expected to rise by 15%; bad debts will
rise from 1% to 3% of sales. All sales are credit sales.
Currently 30% of customers pay off their accounts in 10 days with 69% paying in 30
days and 1% paying in 100 days. The change will not affect the 30% paying early but is
expected to increase the 1% late payers to 3%.
Assume: 365 day year
8% cost of capital
Operating expenses change as a percentage of sales
Taxes are at the 40% rate
Interest expense will drop by $1,000
Income Statement
Before credit change
Sales $200,000
COGS 120,000
Gross Profit 80,000
Bad debts expense 2,000
Operating expenses 40,000
EBIT 38,000
Interest expense 2,000
EBT 36,000
Taxes 14,400
Net Profit $ 21,600
Balance Sheet
Before change
Cash $30,000
Accounts Receivable 13,534
Inventory 25,600
What is the amount of the new accounts receivable after the credit change?
a. $16,447
b. $15,564
c. $16,000
d. $18,954 - A firm currently offers credit terms of 2/10, n/30. You want to change the credit policy
to 2/10, n/35. As a result of this change, sales are expected to rise by 15%; bad debts will
rise from 1% to 3% of sales. All sales are credit sales.
Currently 30% of customers pay off their accounts in 10 days with 69% paying in 30
days and 1% paying in 100 days. The change will not affect the 30% paying early but is
expected to increase the 1% late payers to 3%.
Assume: 365 day year
8% cost of capital
Operating expenses change as a percentage of sales
Taxes are at the 40% rate
Interest expense will drop by $1,000
Income Statement
Before credit change
Sales $200,000
COGS 120,000
Gross Profit 80,000
Bad debts expense 2,000
Operating expenses 40,000
EBIT 38,000
Interest expense 2,000
EBT 36,000
Taxes 14,400
Net Profit $ 21,600
Balance Sheet
Before change
Cash $30,000
Accounts Receivable 13,534
Inventory 25,600
What will cash be after the increase in sales if cash remains the same percent of sales?
a. $30,000
b. $33,700
c. $34,000
d. $34,500 - The ABC System of Inventory Classification is a tool used to:
a. lower carrying costs and ordering costs of inventory
b. be sure inventory is always in stock
c. lower carrying costs
d. lower ordering costs - Proper inventory management is important because:
a. large inventories always increase sales and profits
b. small inventories cause small accounts receivable levels
c. low inventory levels can decrease sales and profits
d. large inventory levels can help reduce collection expenses - The inventory system developed to overcome limited storage space and high carrying
costs is:
a. IMS system
b. ABC system
c. JIT system
d. TQM system - The primary disadvantage of relying on short-term credit for continuous financing needs
is:
a. the risk of increasing interest rates
b. the higher interest rates relative to long-term rates
c. the time it takes to arrange for it as compared to long-term financing
d. banks don’t like to lend short-term - Which of the following types of loans will require you to borrow the highest amount in
order to obtain the use of $4,000 for one year?
a. simple interest
b. discount interest
c. discount interest with a 5% compensating balance
d. they will all allow you to obtain $4,000 - Short-term financing is normally cheaper than long-term financing because it:
a. is less risky for the borrower
b. has interest costs which are certain
c. has higher transaction costs
d. usually has lower interest rates than long-term financing - Which of the following is the type of short-term loan banks most like to make to a
borrower with seasonal financing needs?
a. self-liquidating
b. line of credit
c. letter of credit
d. bonds payable - Which of the following statements is not true about a line of credit?
a. it is the same as a revolving credit agreement
b. it has a maximum total balance for outstanding short-term loans
c. it is made up of promissory notes
d. it can be withdrawn at any time by the bank - 2/10, n30 means:
a. the supplier will pay a discount of from 2-10% if paid within thirty days
b. if the customer pays within 30 days from the date of purchase, they get a 2% rebate,
payable in 10 days
c. if the customer pays within ten days from the date of invoice, they get a 2% discount,
otherwise the full amount is due in 30 days from the invoice date
d. the customer gets a 10% discount if paid within two days from the date of purchase - You can borrow $75,000 for six months at a stated annual rate of 8%. Calculate the
effective annual interest rate:
a. 16.64%
b. 8.16%
c. 8.5%
d. 8% - You are considering purchasing a $3 million, 90-day issue of commercial paper with a
3.5% discount yield. Calculate the effective yield, assuming the security is purchased on
the issue date and held to maturity:
a. 3.50%
b. 3.66%
c. 3.54%
d. 3.63% - Which of the following is true about financing alternatives?
a. Short-term financing is more expensive than long-term financing.
b. Short-term financing decreases the likelihood of profitability of a project.
c. Long-term financing is less risky than short-term financing.
d. All of the above are true.
Use the following information to answer Questions 38 through 40
A loan of $20,000 is obtained from the bank. The promissory note specifies that $2,500 interest
is to be paid at the end of the year along with the principal. - What is the effective interest rate of this loan?
a. 12.50%
b. 14.29%
c. 14.71%
d. 25.00% - What is the effective interest rate if the bank requires interest to be paid at origination?
a. 12.50%
b. 14.29%
c. 14.71%
d. 25.00% - What is the effective interest rate if the bank requires the firm to maintain a 15%
compensating balance?
a. 12.50%
b. 14.29%
c. 14.71%
d. 25.00% - A firm increases its debt ratio from 50% to 75%. Which of the following statements is
most correct?
a. the firm probably has very low borrowing
b. the firm’s positive ROE will increase
c. the stockholders’ leverage has decreased
d. earnings after interest expense but before taxes will increase - Net Income:
a. are earnings available to all bond investors
b. reflects residual earnings of the firm available to the owners
c. are calculated before cost of goods sold are deducted
d. are calculated before taxes are deducted - A Current Ratio of 0.9 means:
a. the firm has $0.90 of current liabilities for every $1.00 of current assets
b. the firm has $0.90 of fixed assets for every $1.00 of current assets
c. the firm has $0.90 of current assets for every $1.00 of current liabilities
d. the firm has a debt ratio of 90% - A Debt/Assets ratio of 75% and a ROE of 12% means:
a. the owners of XYZ are financing 75% of the firm’s assets in order to receive a 12%
return on their personal investment in the company’s stock
b. 12% of the firm’s profits are financed with equity
c. the firm can cover interest payments with $0.25 of every dollar left for profit
d. 25% of assets are financed with owners’ equity - A Net Profit Margin of 3.76% means:
a. for every dollar of sales, income of $3.76 is generated
b. for every dollar of sales, income of $.0376 is generated
c. for every dollar of equity, income of $.0376 is generated
d. for every dollar of assets, income of $3.76 is generated